BIA 253 Exam 3 Study Guide

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, cloud computing models, enterprise systems (CRM, ERP, EAI), the customer life cycle, and social media information systems from BIA 253 Exam 3.

Cloud Service Providers and Clients Model

An architectural model depicting Cloud Service Providers delivering Applications, Data Storage, and Processing over the network to diverse clients including IoT Devices, Mobile Clients, Thin Clients, and Stand-Alone Clients.

Cloud Service Models Architecture Diagram

A comparative diagram showing management layers across service models: Traditional On-Premises (all managed by user), IaaS (user manages Applications, Data, Runtime, Middleware, OS; vendor manages Virtualization, Servers, Storage, Network), PaaS (user manages Applications and Data; vendor manages the rest), and SaaS (vendor manages all components).

The Customer Life Cycle Diagram

A visual framework illustrating the progression of customer relationships across four phases: Marketing (attracting targets via solicitation processes), Customer acquisition (selling to prospects via lead-tracking), Relationship management (supporting, reselling, and selling more), and Loss/Churn (categorizing into low-value customers or winning back high-value customers).

CRM Applications Architecture Diagram

An architectural model illustrating how a single centralized CRM Database integrates four key application categories: Solicitation and Lead Management Applications, Sales Applications, Relationship Management Applications, and Customer Support Applications.

ERP Applications Architecture Diagram

An integrated enterprise model centered around a shared ERP Database that coordinates Solicitation and Lead Management, Sales, Relationship Management, Customer Support, Accounting, Manufacturing, Inventory, and Human Resources Applications.

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) Architecture Diagram

A system architecture where an EAI Server and EAI Metadata connect distinct departmental systems (CRM, Manufacturing, Accounting, and Human Resources) through EAI Interfaces, allowing requests and data sharing between legacy systems without replacing existing individual databases.

Cloud

The elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the Internet.

Elastic

A characteristic of cloud computing where computing resources leased can be increased or decreased dynamically and programmatically in a short span of time, with organizations paying only for the resources they actually use.

Pooled

The sharing of physical hardware among many different organizations through virtualization in cloud computing.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A cloud hosting model where the vendor provides the bare hardware, networking, storage, and virtualization, while the customer is responsible for installing and managing the operating system, middleware, runtime, data, and applications.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A cloud hosting model where the vendor provides hosted server hardware, operating system, runtime, middleware, and database management tools, allowing customers to deploy and manage their own applications and data.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A cloud computing delivery model in which the vendor provides the complete hardware infrastructure, operating system, application software, and data storage, which users access through an interface such as a web browser.

Thin Client

A client device or computer application with minimal local hardware and software requirements that relies primarily on a central server for computing processing and data storage.

Stand-Alone Client

A client computer (such as a traditional desktop PC) that has its own local storage, processing capability, and installed application software independently of a network connection.

Client-Server Architecture

A computing network architecture in which client devices make requests for resources, services, or processing from centralized server computers.

Mainframe Architecture

A computing structure where large, central computers perform all data processing and storage, connected to dumb computer terminals that lack local processing power.

Local Area Network (LAN)

A communications network connecting computers residing at a single, physical site or limited geographical area.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A network that connects computers across different, geographically dispersed sites.

Domain Name System (DNS)

A decentralized directory service that maps human-friendly domain names to numerical IP addresses.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

An address on the Internet specifying the protocol, domain name, and exact path used to access a specific document or resource.

IP Address

A unique numerical identifier assigned to each device connected to a computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication.

Public IP Address

An IP address that is globally unique and directly accessible over the public Internet.

Private IP Address

An IP address assigned to a device for internal use within a private local network, which is not directly accessible across the public Internet.

Router

A specialized networking device that directs and forwards data packets across different computer networks.

Information Silo

A condition that exists when data are isolated in separated information systems across different departments within an organization, leading to data duplication and inconsistency.

Data Integrity

The condition where data across all organizational information systems are accurate, complete, consistent, and free of duplication errors.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System

A suite of integrated applications, a database, and inherent business processes designed to manage all interactions with customers throughout the customer life cycle.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

A suite of applications, a unified database, and standardized processes that consolidate all core business operations into a single computing platform.

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

A software layer that integrates legacy systems by interconnecting disparate applications through specialized interfaces and metadata without replacing existing individual databases.

Customer Life Cycle

The multi-stage customer journey consisting of marketing, customer acquisition, relationship management, and loss/churn.

Business Process Reengineering

The systematic analysis and redesign of organizational workflows and processes to achieve dramatic improvements in efficiency and effectiveness.

Structured Processes

Formally defined, standardized processes that support day-to-day operational activities, where procedures are strictly prescribed and exceptions are rare.

Dynamic Processes

Flexible, informal, and adaptive processes that involve ill-defined strategic activities and managerial decisions.

Social Media Information System (SMIS)

An information system that supports the sharing of content and networking among users across social media platforms.

Social Capital

The investment in social relations with the expectation of marketplace returns, determined by the number of relationships, relationship strength, and entity resources.

Human Capital

The investment in human knowledge, capabilities, and skills for future productive or economic value.

Freemium

A revenue model that offers a basic service or product for free while charging fees for upgraded features, premium functionality, or add-ons.

Pay-per-click

A digital advertising revenue model in which advertisers display advertisements and pay a fee each time a user clicks on the ad.

Conversion Rate

The percentage of website visitors or potential customers who complete a targeted desired action, such as making a purchase or filling out a lead form.

Crowdsourcing

The dynamic social media process of engaging an online community or group of users to contribute directly to product design, redesign, or problem-solving.

User-Generated Content (UGC)

Publicly available media, reviews, comments, and other content created and published voluntarily by unpaid users or contributors.

Geofencing

A location-based technology service that uses GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks to trigger automated actions when a mobile device enters or exits a predefined virtual perimeter.

Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

Quantifiable metrics that an organization tracks to measure and evaluate performance success relative to strategic operational objectives.

Web 2.0

The second generation of the World Wide Web characterized by dynamic web applications, interactive user participation, collaborative sharing, and social networking.