French 1 Ch. 1 Chez Nous 5th Edition EVERTHING

how are you?

comment ça va?/comment allez-vous?

I’m fine

Je vais bien

I’m very well, thanks

Très bien, merci

Fine

Ça va

Not bad

Pas mal

I’m getting by

Ça peut aller

Things aren’t going well/things are going badly

Ça ne va pas, ça va mal

To be

être

What type of verb is the verb “to be”

irregular, since it corresponds to each subject, doesn’t follow a regular pattern

I am

Je suis

You are

Tu es

He/she/they are

Il/elle/on/iel est

We are

Nous sommes

You all are

Vous êtes

They are

Ils/elles sont

What can be used instead of the noun/person’s name in a sentence?

a subject noun! Mathilde can be replaced by “elle”.

What is they/we in french (depends on the context on which pronoun it takes)

On, always takes the singular form, which is est. It is an indefinite pronoun.

What prounoun do trans and gender-non conforming people use?

Iel (mixture of il and elle), or whichever pronoun they most indentify with (il or elle). On can’t be used since it has a plural generic meaning, can’t be referred to a specific person.

Where do we use the verb “to be”?

In descriptions or to describe a state of being.

When is the -t pronounced in the verb “to be.”

if it is following a word that starts with a vowel.

Ex. Il est en forme.

Where do we use c’est and ce sont?

to identify people and things

I am in shape (after exercising or after being sick)

Je suis en forme

Tired

fatigué(e)

Stressed

stressé(e)

Very busy

très occupé(e)

sick

malade

What can a subject prounoun be used in place of during the subject of a sentence?

A noun (person or object), a subject pronoun appears with a verb

When is a stressed pronoun used?

in short questions that have no verb

Ex. Ça va bien, et toi?

when there are two subjects in a sentence, one of which is a pronoun

Ex. Damien et lui, ils sont malades.

To emphasize the subject to provide a contrast

Ex. Moi je suis de Lausanne, mais lui, il est de Strasbourg

After c’est and ce sont

Ex. C’est Paul? Oui, c’est lui!

c’est is used with nous and vous

Papa et Maman, c’est vous?

Oui, c’est nous

I (stressed pronoun)

Je (moi)

You (stressed pronoun)

Tu (toi)

He/she (stressed pronoun)

Il/elle (lui, elle)

We (stressed pronoun)

Nous (nous/on)

You all (stressed pronoun)

Vous (vous)

They are (masculine, stressed pronoun)

Ils (eux)

They are (feminine, stressed pronoun)

Elles (elles)

Listen

Écouter

Repeat

Répéter

look

regarder

to show

Montrer

Read

Lire

Respond

Répondre

Speak

Parler

return

Rendre

to take

pendre

write

Écrire

Get up

léver

to give

donner

to erase/delete

effacer

sit down

s’asseoir

close

fermer

open

ouvrir

I don’t understand

Je ne comprends pas

I don’t know

Je ne sais pas

A (french alphabet pronunciation)

/a/

B (french alphabet pronunciation)

/be/

C (french alphabet pronunciation)

/se/

D (french alphabet pronunciation)

/de/

E (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ø/ (pronunciation of bleu)

f (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ɛf/ (efff)

g (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ʒe/

h (french alphabet pronunciation)

/aʃ/

i (french alphabet pronunciation)

/i/

j (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ʒi/

k (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ka/

l (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ɛl/

m (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ɛm/

n (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ɛn/

o (french alphabet pronunciation)

/o/

p (french alphabet pronunciation)

/pe/

q (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ky/

r (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ɛr/

s (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ɛs/

t (french alphabet pronunciation)

/te/

u (french alphabet pronunciation)

/y/

v (french alphabet pronunciation)

/ve/

w (french alphabet pronunciation)

/do blø ve/

x (french alphabet pronunciation)

/iks/

y (french alphabet pronunciation)

/i grɛk/

z (french alphabet pronunciation)

/zɛd/

what is the accent that is used with e to represent the vowel /e/ in stressé?

é

Ex : l’écran, la télé, le prénom

what is the accent mark that used with e to represent the vowel /ɛ/ of très

l’accent grave

Ex: le modèle, le collège, Michèle

It is also used with a and u to differentiate words

la vs là (there), ou vs où (where)

This accent mark can be used with all 5 vowel letters. It often marks the loss of the /s/ sound at an early stage of French. the s is still borrowed from many words in english words borrowed from french before that loss occurred.

Ex. être, s’il vous plaît, bientôt, l’hôpital

This accent mark means that the vowel letters in a group are pronounced individually

toi (twa) vs loïc (lo-ik)

claire (klεr) vs haïti (a-i-ti)

How is this accent mark changes the letter “c” before the vowel letters a, o, or u.

la cedille is pronounced as a /s/ rather than a /k/ before the letters a, o, u.

ça, françoise, français

how to ask how a word is spelled?

comment ça s’écrit?

before a vowel sound, un/une

the ending of un/une is pronounced as it was part of the following word

un ami, un ordinateur

in negative sentences, un/une is changed to

d’/de

indefinite articles

un/une

correspond to a/an in english

definite articles

to talk about already mentioned nouns

le, la, l’

can designate a noun used in a general or abstract sense. in such cases, no article is used in English

J’aime la musique

singular nouns that end in -s don’t change in the plural, but nouns that end in -eau….

add the letter -x

un cours, deux cours

un bureau - trois bureaux

-s and -x aren’t pronounced. Listen to a preceding word, like an article or number to tell whether if the noun is plural or singular

what is the plural form of the indefinite articles?

des, pronounced de before a consonant sound

before a vowel, des and les make the /z/ sound

les chaises vs les ordinateurs

in english plural nouns don’t appear with an article, but in french

an article usually always appears before a noun

when is il y a used?

used with singular or plural nouns preceded before indefinite article

what is the negative of il y a pas

il n’y a pas de/d’

when is c’est and ce sont used? Remember to use what after c’est and ce sont?

to identify people and things

remember to use a stressed pronoun after c’est and ce sont

What is in

Qu’est-ce qu’il y a

What is that?

Qu’est-ce que c’est?

Who is it?

Qui est-ce? C’est qui?

nice to meet you

enchanté/e

classmate

une camarade/une camarade