NOT FINISHED Reproduction & Development LAB Chapter

Testis (Testicles)

Produce sperm (via spermatogenesis) and primarily testosterone

Duct System

The overall pathway that transports, stores, and protects sperm as they move from the testes out of the body during ejaculation

Epididymis

Stores immature sperm while they mature and gain the ability to swim

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

Transports mature sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra during sexual arousal (Travels through the spermatic cord)

Ejaculatory Duct

Combines sperm from the vas deferens with nutrient-rich fluid from the seminal vesicle, then empties this semen into the urethra

Urethra

Common passageway that carries both urine (from the bladder) and semen (from reproductive ducts) out of the body

Membranous Urethra

The short, middle section of the urethra that passes through the pelvic floor muscles; acts as a transitional bridge

Spongy (Penile) Urethra

The longest section of the urethra that runs through the length of the penis to transport urine and semen to the outside tip

What are the Accessory Glands that produce seminal fluid?

Seminal vesicle, Prostate gland, Bulbourethral gland

Accessory Glands

The collection of glands that produce seminal fluid, or semen, to nourish, protect, and transport sperm

Seminal Vesicles

Produce a thick, sugar-rich (fructose) fluid that makes up about 60% of semen, providing sperm with energy to swim

Prostate Gland

Secretes a milky, slightly alkaline fluid that helps liquefy semen and protects sperm from the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract.

Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper's Glands)

Produce a clear, slippery pre-ejaculatory fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any leftover acidic urine before semen passes through.

External Genitalia

The external male reproductive structures located outside the pelvic cavity, primarily consisting of the penis and scrotum

Penis

The male copulatory organ used for urination and for delivering sperm into the female reproductive tract during intercourse

Corpus Spongiosum

A column of spongy erectile tissue surrounding the urethra; keeps the urethra open during an erection so semen can pass through

Corpora Cavernosa

Two upper columns of erectile tissue that fill with blood to expand, firm up, and create an erection.

Glans Penis

The sensitive, cone-shaped tip of the penis that contains many nerve endings.

Prepuce (Foreskin)

A loose fold of skin that covers and protects the glans penis (often removed during circumcision).

Scrotum

The external pouch of skin that holds and protects the testes, keeping them at a slightly cooler temperature than the rest of the body for proper sperm production.

What is the site of implantation?

Uterus

What is the birth canal and organ of copulation?

Vulva

Where is the site of fertilization?

Uterine Tube

Female Gonad

Ovary

External Genetalia

Vagina

Spermatogenesis is the production of? Where does it occur?

Sperm cells; Testes

Oogenesis is the production of? Where does it occur?

Egg cells (Oocytes); Ovaries

What is the function of meiosis?

Cell division; cuts number of chromosomes by half

Prenatal period from week 3 to week 8 of development is called?

Embryonic Period

Specific structure of the embryo that implants in the endometrium of the uterus

Blastocyte

Primary germ layer of the early embryo that becomes the majority of the nervous system is called what?

Ectoderm

The germ layer that becomes the majority of the bones & muscles is called what?

Mesoderm

Temporary organ that is the site of exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between the mother and fetus

Placenta

Connects the placenta to the embryo

Umbilical Cord