Pagsasalin sa Kontekstong Filipino: Wika at Pagsasalin

Vocabulary flashcards covering the concepts, definitions, linguists, history, methods, and theoretical approaches to language and translation in the Filipino context.

Lengua

The Latin origin of the word language, which literally translates to 'dila' (tongue).

Wika (Henry Gleason)

A systematic framework of spoken sounds selected and arranged in an arbitrary manner to be used by people belonging to a single culture.

Wika (David Abram)

A phenomenon learned not merely through the mind but physically, carrying gestural meaning.

Wika (Benjamin Lee Whorf)

A system composed of simple words created by human response to their environment, which shapes ideas and guides cognitive processes.

Masistemang Balangkas

The characteristic of language stating that every language follows an orderly arrangement where vocal sounds correspond to letters or symbols, forming words, sentences, and discourse.

Arbitraryo

The characteristic of language indicating that words and meanings are formed based on mutual agreements established by people within a community.

Ponema

The smallest unit of sound in a language represented by a letter.

Ponolohiya

The scientific study of sounds, derived from 'pono' (sounds) and 'lohiya' (study).

Morpema

The smallest unit of a word that carries meaning or causes a change in meaning.

Morpolohiya

The scientific study of morphemes and word structures.

Sintaks

The grammatical branch that connects and organizes words within a sentence, comprising the paksa (subject) and panaguri (predicate).

Semantika

The study of the linguistic meaning of written words, sentences, and paragraphs.

Diptonggo

The combination of any vowel (a, i, o, u) and a semivowel (w, y) occurring within the same syllable.

Klaster

A consonant cluster formed by the pairing of two consonant sounds within a single syllable.

Translatio

The Latin origin of the English word translation, composed of 'trans' (across) and 'ferre' (to carry or bring; past participle 'latus'/'latio').

Metafora o Metaphrasis

A Greek term referring to 'metaphrase' or word-for-word translation, as discussed by Kasparek (1983).

Pagsasalin (Eugene Nida, 1964)

Reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.

Pagsasalin (Mildred Larson, 1984)

Reconstructing in the receptor language a text conveying a message equivalent to the source language while utilizing the grammatical and lexical rules of the target language.

Tungkulin ng Tagasalin (Walter Benjamin)

Acting not as a mere transmitter of signs but as a co-creator with the author to liberate the 'pure language' confined within the original work.

Intralingguwal na Pagsasalin

A type of translation involving rewording or the interpretation of verbal signs using alternative signs within the same language.

Interlingguwal na Pagsasalin

Translation proper, consisting of interpreting verbal signs of one language using the signs of another distinct language.

Intersemiotikong Pagsasalin

Transmutation, which involves interpreting verbal signs through systems of non-verbal signs.

Pagsasaling Pampanitikan

A form of translation reflecting the imagination, lofty thoughts, and intuitive writing of an author, requiring deep focus on semantics, rhythm, and artistic balance.

Teknikal na Pagsasalin

Translation focused on practical or industrial texts—such as manuals, legal or medical documents, and engineering reports—requiring specialized domain terminology.

Doctrina Christiana (1593)

The first printed book and translated work in the Philippines, containing essential Catholic prayers and doctrines.

Livius Andronicus

A Greek slave credited with the oldest recorded translation, rendering Homer's Odyssey into Latin verse in 240 B.C.

Septuagint

The renowned translation of the Hebrew Old Testament into Greek, produced in Alexandria.

Traduttore, Traditore

An Italian proverb meaning 'translator, traitor,' highlighting early perceptions of translation as an act of betrayal against the original text.

Simulaang Lengguwahe (SL)

The Source Language, which is the original language of the text or message being translated.

Tunguhang Lengguwahe (TL)

The Target Language, which is the recipient language into which the original message is rendered.

Salita sa Salita

An SL-oriented translation method where the word order of the source text is preserved, and words are translated singly by their most common meanings outside of context.

Literal na Pagsasalin

An SL-oriented method where grammatical structures are matched to their nearest TL equivalents, but lexical words are translated individually out of context.

Matapat na Pagsasalin

An SL-oriented method attempting to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original text while conforming to target grammatical structures and preserving cultural words.

Semantikong Pagsasalin

An SL-oriented method that prioritizes the aesthetic value, natural sound, and flexibility of the translation over rigid cultural terms.

Adaptasyon

The freest form of translation primarily used for plays, poetry, and songs, where themes, characters, and plots are preserved while culture is shifted to the target language.

Malayang Pagsasalin

A TL-oriented method that translates the matter without the form of the original, producing a paraphrase that is frequently longer than the source text.

Idyomatikong Pagsasalin

A TL-oriented method that reproduces the original message using natural idioms and colloquial expressions native to the target language.

Komunikatibong Pagsasalin

A TL-oriented method aiming to render the exact contextual meaning in such a way that both content and language are easily acceptable and understandable to the reader.

Sosyolingguwistikong Dulog

A translation approach asserting that the social and cultural environment determines what is translatable and acceptable, viewing the translator as an inseparable product of society.

Komunikatibong Dulog

A translation approach also called the 'theory of sense,' which asserts that meaning—derived from experience—should be translated through deverbalization rather than literal transcoding.

Hermenutikong Dulog

An approach based on George Steiner's After Babel, viewing translation as an 'exact art' rather than a science, where human communication itself constitutes an act of translation.

Semiotikong Dulog

An approach defining translation through the science of signs, where meaning emerges from the triadic interaction among the sign, the object, and the interpreter.