Laws and treaties of Unit 3+rebellions

Proclamation of 1763

1763 — Prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce conflicts with Native Americans and stabilize the frontier.

Sugar Act

1764 — Placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries, strengthened enforcement of trade laws, and used admiralty courts without juries to prosecute smugglers.

Quartering Act

1765 — Required colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.

Stamp Act

1765 — Taxed printed materials such as newspapers, pamphlets, advertisements, and legal documents; it was a direct tax on colonists.

Declaratory Act

1766 — Declared that Parliament had the authority to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases.

Townshend Acts

1767 — Imposed duties on imported goods such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea; increased British efforts to collect revenue and enforce trade regulations.

Tea Act

1773 — Allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonies at a lower price while retaining the tea tax, which colonists feared would legitimize Parliament's taxing authority.

Port Act

1774 — Closed Boston Harbor until the colonists paid for the tea destroyed during the Boston Tea Party.

Massachusetts Government Act

1774 — Reduced the power of Massachusetts's elected legislature and increased the authority of the royal governor.

Administration of Justice Act

1774 — Allowed British royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Britain or elsewhere outside the colonies under specified circumstances.

Expanded Quartering Act

1774 — Expanded British authority to quarter troops in private homes and applied to all colonies.

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

1774 — Punitive laws passed after the Boston Tea Party to punish Massachusetts and strengthen British control; included the Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, and expanded Quartering Act.

Quebec Act

1774 — Organized Britain's Canadian territory, recognized Roman Catholicism in Quebec, established a government without a representative assembly, and extended Quebec's boundaries to the Ohio River; angered colonists who claimed western lands.

Prohibitory Act

1775 — Declared the colonies in rebellion and prohibited British trade with them, escalating the conflict toward independence.

Peace of Paris (1763)/ Treaty of paris

1763 — Ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War; Britain gained French Canada and Spanish Florida, while France ceded Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to Spain.

Treaty of Alliance with France

1778 — France openly allied with the United States during the American Revolution, providing crucial military and naval assistance against Britain.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

1783 — Ended the American Revolution; Britain recognized U.S. independence, the Mississippi River became the western boundary, Americans gained fishing rights off Canada, and the treaty addressed debts to British merchants and Loyalist property claims.

Jay's Treaty

1794 — Britain agreed to evacuate its remaining frontier forts, but the treaty did not resolve impressment of American sailors; it helped the United States avoid war with Britain.

Pinckney's Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo)

1795 — Spain opened the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade, granted Americans the right of deposit at New Orleans without duties, and accepted the U.S. claim to Florida's northern boundary at the 31st parallel.

Treaty of Greenville

1795 — After the U.S. victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native American leaders surrendered claims to much of the Ohio Territory and opened it to U.S. settlement.

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

Native American uprising led by Pontiac against British policies and colonial expansion onto Native American lands after the French and Indian War; Britain suppressed the uprising and issued the Proclamation of 1763 to restrict settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Paxton Boys Uprising (1763–1764)

Pennsylvania frontier settlers attacked Native Americans and protested the colonial government's response to frontier conflicts; demonstrates tensions between settlers, Native Americans, and colonial authorities.

Shays’s Rebellion (1786–1787)

Massachusetts farmers led by Daniel Shays protested high state taxes, debt-related imprisonment, and lack of paper money; suppressed by the state militia, it exposed weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and strengthened calls for a stronger national government.

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Western Pennsylvania farmers resisted the federal excise tax on whiskey by attacking tax collectors; George Washington mobilized militia to suppress the rebellion, demonstrating the federal government's ability to enforce its laws under the Constitution.

American Revolution (1775–1783)

Colonial rebellion against British rule caused by disputes over taxation, representation, and imperial authority; resulted in American independence, recognized by Britain in the Treaty of Paris (1783).

Regulator Movements (1760s–1770s)

Backcountry settlers in some colonies protested corruption, unfair taxes, and unequal political representation; demonstrated tensions between frontier communities and colonial governments.

Northwest Confederacy Resistance (1790s)

Native American nations resisted U.S. westward expansion; the U.S. victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) led to the Treaty of Greenville (1795), which opened much of the Ohio Territory to U.S. settlement.