Neurologic System Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to the neurologic system, including structures, functions, disorders, and diagnostic testing.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nervous system.

Neurons

Cells that transmit electrical impulses; includes sensory, relay, and motor neurons.

Synapse

A small gap between neurons where impulses become chemical.

Meninges

Protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord.

Reflexes

Fast, involuntary responses to a stimulus.

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain, divided into four areas: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

Autonomic Nervous System

Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, controlling involuntary body functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Promotes 'rest and digest' responses.

Glasgow Coma Scale

A scale used to assess a patient's level of consciousness based on eye, verbal, and motor responses.

Paresis

Partial loss of strength or muscle weakness.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A diagnostic test that measures electrical activity of the brain.

Computed Tomography (CT)

An imaging technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

An imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's organs and tissues.

Dendrites

Branch-like structures of neurons that receive messages from other cells.

Lipofuscin

A pigment that accumulates in nerve cells with aging.

Aphasia

An impairment in language processing, affecting communication abilities.

Decorticate posturing

Abnormal flexion of arms and legs seen in severe brain injury.

Decerebrate posturing

Abnormal extension of arms and legs seen in severe brain injury.