Minimum database MNB

What is included in a PE

1. cardiovascular

2. respiratory

3. GI

4. UG (Urogenital)

5. MSI

6. PLN (perherial lymph nodes)

7. nero

What should be included in documentation

• units

• describe what you find and don’t find

• ink only - single line to cross-out

• SOAP

What does SOAP stand for

Subjective (judgement call), Objective (measurable), Assessment, Plan

Know that the difference between 10.8 pounds and 10 pounds and 8 ounces.

1 lb = 16 oz

10.8 lb → 0.8 × 16 = 12.8 oz → 10 lb 12.8 oz.

10 lb 8 oz = 10.5 lb.

What is preanesthetic screening dependent on

animal’s condition and reason for surgery

What is included in presurgery diagnostics

approved by surgeon

• blood work, blood gas analysis, ECG, fine-needle mass aspiration

What is a minimum database?

a set of basic diagnostic tests used to evaluate an animal's health before anesthesia or surgery.

• PCV BUN (blood urine nitrogen, renal) BG

• depends on animal → CBC, Chem, lytes, UA, ECG

Know the basics of a CBC

• RBC → hematocrit and reticulocytes = immature RBC, in anemia regenerative anemia

• WBC → neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes

• Platelets

Know which chemistry values refer to renal, hepatic etc.

• Renal → BUN, creatinine, phosphorus, Na, K

• Hepatic → ALT, total bilirubin, protein, albumin, glu, SAP

• protein → albumin, globulin

• glucose → general whole body

• electrolytes → Na, K, Cl, Ca, Mg

• Exocrine pancreas → chloestrol, amylase, lipase

using a urinalysis what can we detect

USG → dog=1.015 -.045 cat= 1.035 - .060

protein

glucose

infection

crystals

what is included in pre-surgical blood work

CBC, chemistry, electrolytes

what three things should you be aware

BG, PCV, and platelet

Know the signs of hypoglycemia and who is more prone.

neonates

• Signs: weakness, anorexia, ataxia, blindness, vomiting, seizures

How can we treat hypoglycemia

using Dextrose and dilute it to <10%

• dextrose is hypertonic and cause vasculitis and red cell lysis

hyperglycemia

diabetes, stress hyperglycemia

What are the clinical signs of thrombocytopenia and ecchymoses?

Thrombocytopenia → Low platelet count causing excessive bleeding.

• Signs: Petechiae(Tiny red spots), bleeding gums or nosebleeds, blood in urine or stool

• Ecchymoses: Larger purple or red bruises caused by bleeding under the skin.

Thrombocytosis

high platelets

Why is clumped platelets a common finding? What will the platelet number rad as?

can be seen due to drawing blood and moving around the needle = begin clumping

• The platelet count will read falsely low, the machine may not count them individually, making it look like the animal has fewer platelets than it actually does.

What would the next step be if low platelet?

blood smear and look into microscope in 100x for 1 platelet

Know how to obtain a coagulation panel and the values you measure

coagulation panel → checks how well an animal's blood can clot

• Draw blood from a venipuncture into a light blue-top tube (sodium citrate). Measures PT and aPTT

What would the first sign be for low platelet

Petechiae → littler red dots

becomes more worse bruising → acchymoses

What dz would carry stress leukogram and when do you see this

hyperglycemia and Cushings. seen in stressed out cats and dogs, often during acute illness or following surgery.

What can stress leukogram cause

neutrophilia

eosinopenia

lymphopenia

monocytosis

Why would we have high PCV/TS?

Dehydration causes hemoconcentration (less water in the blood)

When will we do a manual PCV count

when HCT is low

Explain difference hemoconcentration and hemodilution

Hemoconcentration: Blood becomes more concentrated because of water or plasma loss.

ex. Dehydration = PCV/TS increases

Hemodilution: Blood becomes more diluted because there's more fluid compared to blood cells.

Ex. Fluid overload = PCV/TS decreases.

How do you differentiate dehydration vs. renal failure?

Dehydration: Kidneys conserve water → concentrated urine (↑ USG).

Renal failure: Kidneys cannot concentrate urine properly → low/inappropriately normal USG.

• dog 1.015-1.045 cat 1.035-1.060

What steps are necessary when preanesthetic bloodwork is abnormal?

• Low platelets → Blood smear

• Low HCT → Manual PCV/TS

• Abnormal BG → Evaluate glucose (hypo/hyperglycemia)

Where can Alkaline phosphatase be found

An enzyme found in liver, bones, and bile duct

• mostly in young animals

Albumin found in

young animals

What contains in NSAID panel

both liver and kidney

• ALKP, ALT, AST, BUN, CREA