music- classical

classical period dates

1750-1820

what was the term for “classical” during the actual period?

galant

what did “galant” mean?

light, elegant, graceful

5 style characteristics of classical period

mood, rhythm, texture, melody, dynamics

describe the mood of classical pieces

great variety and contrast

classical music exhibits a far-reaching _____ range

emotional

classical rhythm is quite _____

flexible

pauses, syncopations, and notes could change ______

unexpectedly

classical music started to become _____ and almost unperformable

faster

does classical music mainly have homophonic or polyphonic texture?

homophonic

describe classical’s homophonic texture

melody, simple accompaniment, but could change quickly

classical melodies are often _____, which makes them popular and easy to remember

symmetrical

how did many classical composers “formulate” melody?

variation on a theme

classical dynamics also varied in terms of changing _____ vs _____

gradually, shockingly

was the basso continuo still utilized in the classical period?

no

why did the basso continuo and improvisation get phased out in the classical period?

composers wrote everything out

was the classical orchestra larger than the baroque’s?

yes

how many members were in the standard classical orchestra?

60

how many members of the orchestra were typically in each group (strings, brass, etc)?

2

the ____ class in the classical period was now able to afford more luxuries

middle

4 luxuries that the classical middle class could now often afford

theater, literature, concerts, music lessons

in order to make enough money, many classical-era musicians also had to work as…

private music teachers

the classical middle class was the most ______ we have seen so far

educated

where is the musical capital of europe during the classical period?

vienna

where is vienna?

austria

3 main composers of the classical period

haydn, mozart, beethoven

music is a central part of ____ life and is a symbol of elevated culture

court

music in vienna was debuted in both ____ and _____ concerts

public, private

haydn was born in the tiny austrian village of…

rohrau

haydn’s family had a ___ music background

folk

at age 8, haydn went to this church in vienna to serve as a choirboy

cathedral of st stephen

at age 29, which hungarian royal family hired haydn?

esterhazy’s

4 unique/interesting features of esterhaza

opera house, theater, 2 concert halls, 126 guest rooms

during what 4 years was haydn in london?

1791, 1792, 1794, 1795

12 symphonies that haydn composed during 1791-2 and 1794-5 were dedicated to…

london

who brought oratorios back after the genre was thought to be dead?

haydn

one of haydn’s key beliefs that inspired his works

art is free

what are the 2 oratorios (and release years) that haydn wrote?

the creation (1798), the seasons (1801)

what genre was most popular in the classical period?

symphony

symphony definition

instrumental piece of 4 movements that lasted 20-45 minutes

describe 1st movement of classical symphony

vigorous, dramatically fast

describe 2nd movement of classical symphony

lyrical, slow

describe 3rd movement of classical symphony

dancelike

describe 4th movement of classical symphony

heroic, brilliant finale

what format is haydn’s surprise symphony in?

theme and variations

describe “theme and variations” format

original theme is stated and then transformed

it could be said that _____ was a musical prodigy with a divine gift

mozart

at age 6, mozart was a ____ and ____ virtuoso

harpsichord, violin

at age 8, mozart was writing ____

symphonies

at age 9, mozart was able to write out an ____ he memorized after __ hearing

opera, one

the abduction from the seraglio was mozart’s first ____ opera

german

in 1786, mozart’s opera ______ conquered vienna and prague

the marriage of figaro

could mozart keep up with the commissions he received after figaro?

no

in 1787, mozart wrote ___ _______ (another opera)

don giovanni

was don giovanni a success in vienna, prague, or both?

prague

what opera did mozart compose in 1790?

cosi fan tutte

what was the last opera mozart composed in 1791?

the magic flute

what type of piece was mozart working on when he died in 1791?

requiem

what is a requiem?

mass for the dead

7 types of music that mozart mastered

piano sonatas, symphonies, string quartets, piano concerts, operas, choral music, chamber music

what is considered to be mozart’s operatic masterpiece?

don giovanni

don giovanni is _____ in terms of subject matter

darker

3 parts of sonata form

exposition, development, recap/coda

sonata form was used to compose… (3 types of music)

symphonies, concertos, sonatas

describe exposition of sonata form (3)

introduces key, has first and second theme, ends with repeat sign

describe development of sonata form (3)

most dramatic section, rapid changes, harmonic tension

describe recap of sonata form (2)

brings back first and second theme, resolves harmonic tension

describe coda of sonata form (3)

always ends movement, repeats or develops themes, no more than 12 measures long

who does the “K” stand for in some of mozart’s pieces?

ludwig von kochel

what did ludwig von kochel do?

catalogued mozart’s works

beethoven was born in ____ to a family of _____

bonn, musicians

at 16, beethoven played for _____ and at 22, studied with ____

mozart, haydn

describe haydn, mozart, and beethoven as character tropes

haydn it-boy, mozart genius, beethoven bad boy

essentially what was the heiligenstadt testament?

beethoven suicide note

as he grew older, beethoven progressively lost his…

hearing

who is the transitional figure between classical and romantic eras?

beethoven

compared to mozart and haydn, beethoven’s pieces had ____ texture and ____ orchestras

heavier, larger

beethoven’s later pieces were more _____ in terms of harmony and form

experimental

how many piano sonatas did beethoven write?

32

how many symphonies did beethoven write?

9

who was beethoven’s 3rd symphony, eroica, dedicated to at first?

napoleon bonaparte

what was the name of beethoven’s opera and was it successful?

fidelio, unsuccessful

describe the early period of beethoven’s music

reflects mozart and haydn’s influence

time period for the early period of beethoven’s music

1790-1802

describe the middle period of beethoven’s music

heroic, longer and more thrilling works

time period for the middle period of beethoven’s music

1803-1814

describe the late period of beethoven’s music

experimental, strange harmony, extended forms

time period for the late period of beethoven’s music

1815-1827

what was the reaction in vienna when beethoven’s 5th symphony debuted?

people were terrified

the 1st movement of beethoven’s 5th symphony is concentrated in ____ form

sonata

when _____ died, some people saw it as the end of music

beethoven