Exam 2 Review: Language and Nonverbal Communication

Vocabulary flashcards covering language rules, responsibility pronouns, and nonverbal communication channels for Exam 2 review.

Phonological Rules

Rules that govern how sounds are combined to form words.

Syntactical Rules

Rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged.

Semantic Rules

Rules that govern the meaning of language.

Pragmatic Rules

Rules that govern interpretation of language in terms of its social context.

Linguistic Relativity

The concept that language both reflects and shapes the worldview of those who use it.

Linguistic Productivity

The ability to make sense of a collection of words.

Powerless Speech Mannerisms

Ways of speaking that reduce a speaker's power and confidence, or assertiveness (e.g., hedges, hesitations, tag questions, qualifiers, and disclaimers).

I-Statements

Statements used to claim responsibility, blame, or credit.

You-Statements

Statements used to give away responsibility or place blame/credit.

We-Statements

Statements used to share responsibility, blame, or credit.

It-Statements

Statements used to avoid responsibility, blame, or credit.

But-Statements

Statements used to cancel responsibility, blame, or credit.

Nonverbal Communication

Messages expressed by non-linguistic means.

Regulators

Nonverbal cues that help control verbal interaction.

Nonverbal Immediacy

The display of involvement signaled by physical closeness, eye contact, movement, and touch.

Kinesics

The study of body position and motion.

Body Orientation

The degree to which we face toward or away from someone.

Posture

The way in which individuals carry themselves.

Gestures

Movements of the hands and arms.

Illustrators

Movements that accompany and support speech but cannot stand on their own.

Emblems

Deliberate nonverbals that have a precise meaning, known to everyone within a group.

Adaptors

Unconscious bodily movements in response to the environment.

Manipulators

Self-touching adaptors; fidgeting.

Microexpressions

Brief and often-changing facial expressions.

Oculesics

The study of how the eyes communicate.

Paralanguage

The non-linguistic means of vocal expression, including rate, pitch, tone, and sarcasm.

Haptics

The study of touch.

Proxemics

The study of the way we use space.

Territory

Any stationary area claimed by an individual.

Chronemics

The study of how we use and structure time.

Object Language

The objects and artifacts we own and display.