SHRM HR Competencies

Extent to which a measurement instrument measures what it is intended to measure

Validity

Raw Average of data that gives equal weight to all values with no regard for other factors

Unweighted Mean

The process by which an organization creates the product or service it offers the customer

Value Chain

The benefit created when an organization meets its strategic goals; measure of usefulness; worth; or importance

Value

Average of data that adds factors to reflect the importance of different values

Weighted Mean

Statistical method for identifying the degree of difference between planned and actual performance or outcomes

Variance Analysis

Type of analysis that starts with a result and then works backward to identify fundamental cause

Root-cause analysis

Extent to which a measurement instrument provides consistent results

Reliability

Statistical method used to test the possible effects of altering the details of a strategy to see if the likely outcome can be improved

Scenario/what-if analysis

Concept that stipulates that no individual is beyond the reach of the law and that authority is excercise only in accordance with written and publicly disclosed laws

Rule of law

Concept that proposes that any organization operates within a complex environment in which it affects and is affected by a variety of forces or stakeholders who all share in the value of the organization and its activities

Stakeholder concept

Ability to create connections or rapport with others

Social intelligence

Statistical method that examines data from different points in time to determine if a variance is an isolated event or if it is part of a longer trend

Trend analysis

Extent to which an organization's agreements, dealings, information, practices, and transactions are open to disclosure and review by relevant persons

Transparency

Process by which two or more parties work together to reach agreement on a matter

Negotiation

Factors that initiate, direct, and sustain human behavior over time

Motivation

Process of developing mutually beneficial contacts through the exchange of information

Networking

Ratio of net income (gross sales minus expenses and taxes) to net sales

Net profit margin

Processing applications that store data in a multidimensional cube which enables users to analyze data quickly in a variety of ways

Online analytical processing (OLAP)

Technique in which participants each suggest ideas through a series of rounds and then discuss the items, eliminate redundancies and irrelevancies, and agree on the importance of the remaining items

Nominal group technique (NGT)

Statistical method used to predict a variable form one or more predictor variables

Regression analysis

Comparing the sizes of two variables to produce an index or percentage used to analyze financial statements

Ratio analysis

Right of a legal body to exert authority over a given geographical territory, subject mater, or persons or institutions

Jurisdiction

Statement that reports revenues, expenses, and profits for a specified period of time for example quarterly or annually

Income Statement

Societies in which relationships have less history; individuals know each other less well and don't share a common database of experience so communication must be very explicit

Low-context cultures

Organization's debts and other financial obligations

Liabilities

Middle value in a range of values

Median

Average score or value

Mean

Value that occurs most frequently in a set of data

Mode

Data-sorting technique in which group members add related ideas and indicate logical connections, eventually grouping similar ideas

Mind mapping

Ability to be sensitive to and understand one's own and others' emotions and impulses

Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Concept that laws are enforced only through accepted codified procedures

Due Process

Extension of the power of country's laws over the citizens that country's sovereign national boundaries

Extraterritorality

Amount of owners' or shareholders' portion of a business

Equity

Ability to take an international perspective inclusive of other culture's views

Global mindset

Small group of invited persons (typically six to twelve) who actively participate in a structured discussion led by a facilitator for the purpose of eliciting their input

Focus Group

Societies or groups characterized by complex, usually long-standing networks of relationships; members share a rich history of common experience, so the way they interact and interpret events is often not apparent to outsiders

High-Context Cultures

Ratio of gross profit to net sales

Gross profit margin

Legal system based on written codes (laws, rules, or regulations)

Civil Law

Statement of an organization's ability to meet its current and short-term obligations showing incoming and outgoing cash and cash reserves in operations, investments, and financing

Cash Flow Statement

Legal system in which each case is considered in terms of how it relates to legal decisions that have already been made evolves through judicial decisions over time

Common Law

Principles that guide decision making and behavior in an organization

Code of conduct

Capacity to recognize, interpret, and behaviorally adapt to multicultural situations and contexts

Cultural intelligence

Treatment of personal information that has been disclosed to another person or organization

Confidentiality

Technique that progressively collects information from a group of anonymous respondents

Delphi technique

Basic beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviors, and customs shared and followed by members of a group, which give rise to the group's sense of identity.

Culture

Money an organization's customers owe the organization

Accounts Receivable

Money an organization owes its vendors and supplies

Accounts Payable

Financial, physical, and sometimes intangible properties an organization owns

Assets

Data-sorting technique in which a group categorizes and subcategorizes data until relationships are clearly drawn

Affinity diagramming

Exchange of anything of value to gain greater influence or preference

Bribery

Statement of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time, showing assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity

Balance Sheet

Ability to use information to gain a deeper understanding of an organization and make sound business decisions

Business intelligence

Presentation to management that establishes a specific problem exists and argues for a proposed solution

Business Case

Leadership style that focuses on challenging and developing members of an organization to attain long range results through continuous evolution, improvement, or change based on the leader's vision and strategy

Authentic Leadership

Conscious or unconscious beliefs that influence a person's perceptions or actions which may cause that person to become partial or prejudiced

Bias

Situation in which a person or organization may potentially benefit, directly or indirectly from undue influence due to involvement in outside activities, relationships, or investments that conflict with or have an impact on the employment relationship or its outcomes

Conflict of Interest

Tendency to enhance or diminish the strength or credibility of a statement or person's based on one's impression of a preceding statement or person

Contrast effect

Type of measurement bias in which analyst fails to recognize that individual in responding with answers the analyst wants to hear

Cultural Noise

Process of charting a course through cultural differences

Dilemma reconciliation

Requirement to thoroughly investigate an action before it is taken, through diligent research and evaluation

Due diligence

Concept that argues that there are fundamental ethical principles that apply across cultures

Ethical universalism

Type of measurement bias in which investigator makes snap judgments and lets first impression (either positive or negative) cloud subsequent evaluation

First-impression error

Type of measurement bias in which analyst allows one strong point that he or she values highly and that works in subject's favor to overshadow all information

Halo effect

Type of measurement bias in which analyst allows one strong point that he or she values highly and that works against subject to overshadow all other information

Horn effect

Capacity to recognize, interpret, and behaviorally adapt to multicultural situations and contexts; also called cultural intelligence

Intercultural wisdom

Quantifiable measures of performance that gauge an organization's progress toward strategic objectives or other agreed upon performance standards

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Type of measurement bias that involves weighting a small negative reaction or piece of information more than it should objectively merit

Negative emphasis

Basic beliefs and customs shared by members of an organization that contribute to the organization's sense of identity

Organizational culture

Statistical method used to determine whether a relationship exists between variables and the strength of the relationship

Regression analysis

Generalized opinions about how people of a given gender, race, religion, age, education level, job type or national origin look, think, act, feel or respond

Stereotyping

System of actions that leaders take to drive an organization toward its goals and objectives

Strategic management

Process of setting goals and designing a path towards organizational success

Strategic planning

Plan of action for accomplishing an organization's overall and long range goals

Strategy

Leadership style that focuses on challenging and developing members of an organization to attain long-range results through continuous evolution, improvement, or change based on the leader's vision and strategy

Transformational leadership

Benefit created when an organization meets its strategic goals; measure of usefulness, worth, or importance

Value

Treatment of personal information that has been disclosed to another person (e.g. one's doctor, lawyer, or financial advisor) or organization (eg. one's employer or a hospital)

Confidentiality

Situation in which a person or organization may potentially benefit, directly or indirectly from undue influence, due to involvement in outside activities, relationships, or investments that conflict with or have an impact on the employment relationship or its outcomes

Conflict of Interest

Concept that argues that ethical behavior is determined by local culture, laws, and business practices

Cultural Relativism

Ability to be sensitive to and understand one's own and others' emotions and impulses

Emotional Intelligence