Page 1 of Practical 2 Anatomy Lab

Name the two primary tissues types that form the skeleton

Osseous tissue
Hyaline cartilage

List the functions of the skeletal system

• Maintain structure

• create new red blood cells

• Act as protection for internal organs

• enable movement

• store minerals mainly calcium

The four main groups of bones based on shape

• long

• short

• irregular

• flat

Sites of muscle and ligament attachment

• tuberosity

• crest

• trochanter

• line

• tubercle

• epicondyle

• spine

• process

Projections that help form joints

• head

• facet

• condyle

• ramus

depressions and openings (passage of vessels and nerves)

• fissure

• foramen

• notch

What bones are part of the Axial skeleton

• skull

• ribs

• vertebral column

• hyoid bone

What is part of the appendicular skeleton? Upper extremities

• pectoral girdle (scapula, clavicle)

• Arm (humorous, radius, ulna)

• Hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)

What is part of the appendicular skeleton? Lower extremities

• pelvic girdle (2 bones known as Os Coxa)

• leg (femur, tibia, fibula, patella)

• foot (tarsals, metatarsals, digits or phalanges)

List an example for each main type of the skeleton (based off slides)

• long bone (humorous)

• flat bone (sternum)

• irregular bone (vertebra)

• short bone (talus, from foot)

Humorous bone markings

Thoracic Vertebrae bone markings

Tibia bone markings

Sacrum bone markings

Scapula bone markings

Femur bone markings

Fibula bone markings

Ulna bone markings

Clavicle bone markings

Lumbar vertebrae bone markings

Radious bone markings

cervical vertebrae bone markings

Note: atlas c1 axis c2 (specialized bones that connect to the skull)

Sternum bone structure

Three main parts are body, manabrium, xiphoid process.

ribs bone structure

Parts of an osteon. Central canal

Open ing center of the osteon. Allos for nerves and blood vessels to pass through.

Parts of the osteon. Lamellae

Rings of the bone matrix surrounding the central canal

Parts of the osteon. Lacuna

Small spaces located inbetween the lamellae

Parts of an osteon. Osteocyte

Bone cell Located within the lacuna

What tissue is this?

Bone tissue. Osseous tissue

What type of tissue is this?

Elastic cartilage

What type of tissue is this?

Hyaline cartilage

What type of tissue is this?

Fibrocartilage

Three functional categories of joints

Synarthrosis - immovable

amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable

diarthesis - freely moveable

3 structural categories of joints

synovial - separated by joint cavity

cartilaginous - connected through cartilage

fibrous - connected by dense fibrous tissue