World studies ch 7 &8

Caravel

A ship used for European exploration

Tenochtitlán

The Aztec capital

Quetzacoatl

God of the Aztec, that they believed brought prosperity to the people; Aztecs were expecting to return.

Cuzco

The capital of the Incan empire

Mayas

Noteworthy features:

Consisted of many independent city-states.

Each city-state had its own ruler and government.

Lasted from 300-800 AD

Developed a calendar

Writing far superior than any other in the new world

Used the concept of zero

Built large pyramids that served as temples

Religion was cruel and involved human sacrifces

Age of exploration

The age where the expanded knowledge of foreign lands caused Europeans to spent several centuries finding ways to get to these lands.

Motives of European exploration

Economic: a new trade route to the east to bypass the Muslim, local leaders and Italian Merchants

Social: quest for glory or praise of man

Political: lay claim to foreign lands and develope colonies in their name

Religious: to find the mythical king of Africa Prester John to help them defeat the Muslims.

Also to spread the gospel to the heathen in order to win souls for the Roman catholic church

Accuracy of maps

With each exploration trip map makers were able to produce more accurate maps

Compass

An instrument that uses loadstone magnetic material to find directions

Astrolabe

Used by Sailors to measure the angle between the Sun or a star in the Horizon at a specific time of day or night

Cape of Good Hope

Southern tip of Africa

Portuguese Exploration

Goal: find a route to the east by sailing around Africa

Prince Henry's role: started a school of navigation for the explorers.

Bartholomeu Dias: rounded the tip of Africa

Taco de Gama: the first portugese ship to sail from Portugal to India

results: established trade with China and Japan resulting in great wealth for portugal

Spanish exploration

Financed by king Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

Led by Christopher Columbus of Portugal

Headed west to find a route to the east.

Line of demarcation

Line drawn on the map by the Pope that was supposed to determine where Spain and Portugal could claim land

Mercantilism

A country was considered wealthy if it had a large supply of gold and silver.

Make more money than you spend.

More exports than imports

Regulated by the government

Capitalism

Businesses are owned by individuals or corporations that try to make money in the marketplace.

Peninsulares

Only Spaniards born in Spain could hold government positions

Creoles

People of pure Spanish or Portuguese descent born in the Americas

Donatario

A Portuguese Noble that ruled in a new world or hereditary privilege

Viceroy

Ruler of a Spanish colony who represented the king of Spain

New law of 1542

Laws pass to protect the Indians in mestizos from some of the abuses they suffered

Mestizos

A person with Indian and Spanish parents

Latin America

Another name for the region of South America and Central America semicolon mostly settled by Spain and Portugal

Barrios

Neighborhoods of poor people in Latin American cities

Hacienda

A large country estate in Latin America

John Smith

Strong English leader that turned the Jamestown Settlement into a thriving colony

Cash crops

Crops that could be sold for cash or supplies

Pilgrims

English people who came to the new world to escape persecution to establish a place to bring up their children into advanced missions

Old world

Europe

New world

The Americas

Jamestown

An English colony in North America that developed cash crops with the introduction of tobacco and indigo

Slavery in the New World

First Europeans to participate: Portugal

9 million enslaved in Latin America

100,000 of slaves were brought to North America