Chemistry: Atomic Models, Periodic Table History, Matter, and Bonding

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering fundamental chemistry concepts, including ion types, periodic table history, matter properties and state changes, chemical bonding, and atomic models.

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when metals lose electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when non-metals gain electrons.

Cooper

The first metal worked.

Antoine lavoister

Scientist who made the first major modern attempt to group elements into gases, non-metals, and earths ($33$ elements).

Berzelius

Scientist who ordered elements alphabetically and created a system for compounds.

Dobereiner

Scientist who classified elements into triads.

Cannizzaro

Scientist who established the concept of atomic weight at the congress of $1860$.

Law of eights

A principle proposed by Newlands and Chancourtors stating that properties repeat every eight times.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Scientist who published the early modern periodic table, arranging elements by increasing atomic weight and similar properties.

Julius Meyer

Scientist who organized elements by increasing atomic mass.

Moseley

Scientist who arranged elements by increasing atomic number and established the periodic law.

IUPAC

Organization that published the recent updates of the periodic table.

General properties

Properties that describe how a substance behaves in relation to its identity.

Specific properties

Properties that distinguish a substance from other substances.

Physical change

A change that alters the appearance of a substance without changing its identity.

Chemical change

A change that converts a substance into a new one.

Endotermic change

A process or change that absorbs heat.

Exotermic change

A process or change that releases heat.

Boiling

A quick change of state with bubbles forming from all parts of the liquid.

Evaporation

A slow change of state that occurs only from above.

Condensation

The change of state from gas to liquid.

Sublimation

The change of state from solid directly into gas.

Deposition

The change of state from gas directly into solid.

Freezing

The change of state from liquid to solid.

Melting

The change of state from solid to liquid.

Non-polar covalent bond

A bond between $2$ alike non-metals with an electronegativity difference from $0$ to $0.4$.

Polar covalent bond

A bond between $2$ different non-metals with an electronegativity difference from $0.4$ to $1.7$.

Ionic bond

A bond between a metal and a non-metal with an electronegativity difference of $1.7$ and up.

Van der Waals forces

Weak intermolecular forces.

Hydrogen bond

Strong intermolecular interactions.

Simple distillation

A distillation process carried out $1$ time.

Dalton's Atomic Model

Also known as the Billiard Ball Model; proposes that all matter is made up of tiny particles.

Thomson's Plum-pudding model

Atomic model based on cathode ray experiments stating that atoms are composed of electrons and protons.

Rutherford Nuclear atom

Atomic model determined using radioactive rays; shows that protons are in the center as the nucleus and electrons occupy the space surrounding the nucleus.

Bohr Planetary model

Atomic model proposing organized orbits for the electrons.

Schrodinger Quantum wave model

Atomic model describing electrons as matter waves.