Chapter 4 Study

Cell Defintion and Cell theory

Cell def - smallest unit of living matter

Theory all living thing consist of one or more cell, new cells come from existing cells

Prokaryote cell structure

Single cell organisms (mostly bacteria), no nucleus but nucleoid hold DNA, cell wall; peptidoglycan or polysaccharide

 

Eukaryote cell structure, both animals and plants

Eukaryote - Multicellular, complex, have a nucleus with its own membrane, chromosomes 

Plants - chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall made by cellulose

Human cell type variations

Shape determined by function; nerve cell, heart muscle cell, small intestine cell

Cell anatomy

phospholipid bi-layer (plasma membrane) - cytoplasm - cytoskeleton (inside cytoplasm) - membrane-bound organelles - nucleus (its own double membrane) - nucleoplasm contains liquid and chromatin

all organelles (11) and their functions

Nucleus with nucleolus: synthesizes ribosomes

Ribosomes: location of protein synthesis 

Mitochondria: location of ATP production

Peroxisomes: breaks down fatty and amino acids and detoxes poisonous substances

Vesicles - storage & transport

Centrosome - only in anima cells - aids in cells division

Lysosomes - have enzymes that break down worn cell parts

Endoplasmic Reticulum - rough ER ribosomes attached

Golgi Apparatus - prepares proteins made by smooth ER 

The ER and golgi relationship

ER makes Golgi packages

Cytoskeleton structure

Cytoskeleton - protein fibers that maintain structure

Microfilaments - aids in cell movement

Intermediate filaments - maintain cell shape, hold nucleus and other organelles.

Microtubules - coordinate cell division

cilia and flagella

Cilia and Flagella in 9+2 microtubules arrangements

Cilia found in - respiratory tract, fallopian tubes

Flagella found in - sperm cells (only cell in humans)