audiology quiz 1

scala vestibuli

upper most layer of cochlea, filled with perilymph

scala media

middle layer of cochlea, filled with endolymph

scala tympani

bottom layer of cochlea, filled with perilymph

outer hair cells

12,000 in three rows, primarily efferent, make contact with tectorial membrane

inner hair cells

3,500 in one single row, afferent

high frequency waves of basilar membrane

concentrated near the base

medium frequency waves in basilar membrane

cause maximum vibration near middle of membrane

low frequency waves of basilar membrane

concentrated near the apex of basilar membrane

conductive hearing loss

issue in outer or middle ear (ear canal)

sensorineural hearing loss

issue with the nerves

mixed hearing loss

both conductive and sensorinueral

factors that affect classroom acoustics

noise, directionality, distance, reverberation

x-axis of audiogram

pitch/frequency

y-axis of audiogram

hearing threshold level (decibels)

db SPL (sound pressure level)

used in measuring hearing aid performance

db IL (intensity level)

used in calibration of audiometers

db HL(hearing level)

used on hearing tests/audiograms

db SL (sensation level)

used for speech perception testing

human hearing range

20-20,000Hz

normal decibel hearing range

-10-20dB

mild hearing loss range dB

21-40

moderate hearing loss range (dB)

41-70

severe hearing loss range dB

71-90

frequency

number of complete cycles per unit of time

period

amount of time needed to complete one cycle

what type of wave is sound

longitudinal

transverse wave

particle movement perpendicular to energy

longitudinal wave

particle movement parallel to energy

cerumen

ear wax

stenosis

narrow ear canal, easy for wax or water to get trapped

acute external otitis

swimmer’s ear

atresia

little or no ear formation, no ear canal

microtia

very small ear, may or may not have open ear canal

Perichondritis

infection and inflammation of outer ear cartilage (red, swollen, hot, tender)

otitis media

middle ear infection

serous otitis media

effusion is thin and clear

mucoid otitis media

thicker, yellowish effusion

suppurative otitis media

thick, yellow pus

tympanic membrane perforation

hole/tear in the eardrum, can be caused by a foreign object, blow to the head, scuba diving or flying, or otitis media

cholesteatoma

benign growth behind eardrum filled with skin cells and debris

mastoiditis

infectious invasion of the mastoid bone

ostosclerosis

fixation of the ossicular chain

ankylosis

fixation of only the stapes

vestibular schwannoma

unilateral slow growing tumor of facial nerve

meniere’s disease

inner ear disorder usually seen as hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus

noise induced hearing loss

inner ear disorder, repeated exposure leads to progressive loss

presbycusis

inner ear disorder, aging of the ear

otalgia

ear pain

Otorrhea

foul odor emanating from the ear

Occluding/non-occluding

Blocked or not blocked

acoustic reflex test results in patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

elevated or absent

otoacoustic admissions test results in patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

normal

Auditory Brainstem Response results in patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder

absent

waardenberg syndrome

10 most common syndromes, pigment issues

a rare genetic condition that causes hearing loss and changes in the coloring of the hair, skin, and eyes

treacher-collins syndrome

10 most common syndromes, craniofacial

affects the development of the bones and tissues in the face

pendred syndrome

10 most common syndromes, thyroid

causes early hearing loss and an enlarged thyroid gland

usher syndrome

10 most common syndromes, causes deaf-blindness

branchio-oto-renal syndrome

10 most common syndromes, affects the development of tissues in the neck and causes malformations of the ears and kidneys

stickler syndrome

10 most common syndromes: genetic connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in genes responsible for making collagen - mild to severe hearing loss

alport syndrome

10 most common syndromes, renal

leading to progressive kidney disease, hearing loss, and eye abnormalities

NFII

10 most common syndromes, tumors on facial nerve

Jervell-Lange-Neilson syndrome

10 most common syndrome, cardiac

causes deafness

CHARGE syndrome

10 most common syndromes, affects multiple organ systems

otoscopy

technically not a test but is the visual inspection of the ear via otoscope, verifies the ear canal is not occluded and checks for signs of trauma or infection

AuD becomes familiar with shape and size of patient ear canal

tympanometry

measures the flexibility of the eardrum

“A” tympanogram

normal pressure, normal compliance, seen in normal middle ear

“As” tympanogram

normal pressure, decreased compliance, seen in otosclerosis

“Ad” tympanogram

normal pressure, increased compliance, seen in ossicular discontinuity

“B” tympanogram

flat curve, seen when there is fluid in ME, or Tympanic membrane perforation

“C” tympanogram

negative pressure, normal compliance, seen in eustachian tube obstruction

otoacoustic emissions

assess outer hair functions

transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE)

typically used as a screening for children or a crosscheck for adults

uses a broadband click stimulus (not specific to any one frequency)

Distortion Product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE)

used for diagnostic information, uses two frequencies at 2 different intensities

inverse square law

signal decreases by 6dB for every doubling of distance

air conduction left/right symbols

x, O

air conduction masked left and right symbols

square, triangle

bone conduction symbols left/right

>, <

bone conduction masked symbols left/right

], [

what type of audiogram

sloping

what type of audiogram is this

reverse slope

what type of audiogram is this

cookie bite

what type of audiogram is this

tent shaped

what type of audiogram is this

flat