Information Systems: Data Quality, Ethics, Legal Compliance, and Management Reporting

Vocabulary flashcards covering data quality dimensions, governance roles, privacy laws, CIA Triad principles, and types of management reports.

Accuracy (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality where data correctly reflects reality, such as invoice figures agreeing directly with source documents.

Timeliness (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality requiring data to be available when needed, such as posting all transactions before the period-end close.

Completeness (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality where no records or fields are missing, ensuring every transaction has all necessary information such as customer details and tax codes.

Relevance (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality where information directly fits the specific decision at hand, such as departmental cost figures used for budget control.

Validation Controls

Data integrity controls applied at entry to ensure data adheres to format, range, and required-field rules.

Audit Trails

System logs that track and record who changed what data, and precisely when the change occurred.

Data Owner

A senior manager accountable for an entire data domain, such as a finance head who owns general ledger data.

Data Steward

A data governance role responsible for enforcing standards and resolving operational data quality issues day to day.

Data Custodian

The IT team responsible for securing, storing, and backing up data assets.

Data Users

Individuals who enter and utilize data properly and report errors when discovered.

Data Dictionary

A governance document containing agreed-upon definitions, formats, and rules for standard data assets.

Data Privacy Act (RA 10173)

Philippine data privacy legislation enforced by the National Privacy Commission (NPC).

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

European Union regulation that applies to any entity handling personal data of EU residents.

CCPA / CPRA

California privacy legislation that gives consumers the rights to know, delete, and opt out regarding their personal data.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

United States healthcare law designed to protect sensitive patient health information.

Transparency (Data Protection)

The core data protection principle of informing individuals what specific data is collected and the reasons for collecting it.

Legitimate Purpose

The data protection principle requiring that collected data be used strictly for the stated purpose and nothing else.

Proportionality and Minimization

The data protection principle of limiting data collection strictly to what is necessary for the objective.

Confidentiality (CIA Triad)

The security principle ensuring that data is accessible only by authorized individuals, supported by controls like encryption, passwords, and access rights.

Integrity (CIA Triad)

The security principle ensuring data remains accurate and unaltered by unauthorized changes, supported by audit logs, validation, and digital signatures.

Availability (CIA Triad)

The security principle ensuring systems and data remain accessible when needed, supported by backups, redundancy, and disaster recovery.

Management Information System (MIS)

A system that collects, processes, and stores business data to turn it into useful information and reports that guide decision-making.

Management Report

An organized presentation of information designed to help managers monitor performance, control costs, support planning, and communicate results.

Periodic (Scheduled) Reports

Management reports produced at fixed intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly) using a standardized format to show trends and routine operations.

Exception Reports

Reports generated only when operational results fall outside predetermined parameters or thresholds, supporting management by exception.

Demand (On-Demand) Reports

Unscheduled reports generated in response to an explicit manager request or query to provide current, specific information.

Push Reports

Reports delivered to users automatically based on a defined schedule or triggering event, such as an emailed daily sales summary.

Pull Reports

Reports extracted by users interactively when needed, such as a manager running a live customer balance report.

Detail Reports

Operational-level reports listing every single transaction or item with fine-grained data useful for verification.

Summary Reports

Reports that aggregate and condense transactional data into totals to show high-level performance and trends for middle and top management.

Drill-Down Reports

Interactive reports, commonly found in dashboards, that allow users to click a summary figure to navigate to the underlying detailed records.

Strategic Reports

Reports tailored for top executives that focus on long-term trends, forecasts, and high-level organizational summaries.

Tactical Reports

Reports prepared for middle management, such as monthly performance summaries and budget variance reports.

Operational Reports

Granular reports used by supervisors that feature daily detailed transaction logs and immediate exception alerts.