Section 2 - Anatomy and Physiology

Cardiovascular

Circulates blood

(system)

Respiratory

Gas exchange and breathing

(system)

Urinary

Filters the blood and produces urine

(system)

Musculoskeletal

Supports movement and structure

(system)

Integumentary

Protects the body (skin, hair,nails)

(system)

Lymphatic/Immune

Defends against infection

(system)

Heart

Pumps blood throughout the body

(organ)

Lungs

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

(organ)

Liver

Metabolizes substances, produces bile and processes nutrients

(organ)

Kidneys

Filter blood and regulate fluid balance

(organ)

Pancreas

produces insulin and digestive enzymes

(organ)

Stomach

Begins chemical digestion

(organ)

Small intestine

Absorbs most nutrients

(organ)

Large intestine

Absorbs water and forms stool

(organ)

Brain

Controls and coordinates body functions

(organ)

Spleen

Filters blood and supports immune functions

(organ)

Superior

above; toward the head

Inferior

below; away from the head

Anterior

Front

Posterior

Back

Medial

Toward midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Closer to point of attachment

Distal

Farther from point of attatchment

Bilateral

Both sides

Unilateral

One side

Supine

Lying on back

Prone

Lying on stomach

Diabetes mellitus

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Anemia

Reduced blood cell oxygen carrying capacity

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory airway disease

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Myocardial infarction

heart attack

Stroke

Cerebrovascular accident

Osteoporosis

reduced bone density

Arthritis

Joint inflammation or disease