Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules

Vocabulary flashcards covering the basics of organic chemistry, monomers, polymers, and carbohydrates.

Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon compounds.

Carbon

The element that serves as the structural backbone for all organic compounds.

Isomers

Molecules with the same formula that are arranged differently.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds that provide short-term energy and serve as the main energy source for the body.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars.

Ribose

A sugar found in RNA and DNA.

Deoxyribose

A sugar found in DNA and RNA.

Glucose

Blood sugar that is found in the blood and used as an energy source.

Galactose and Fructose

Carbohydrates classified as fruit sugars.

Disaccharides

Carbohydrates made from $2$ monosaccharides bonded together.

Monomer

A single unit molecule.

Dimer

A molecule made of $2$ monomers.

Polymer

A large molecule made of more than $2$ monomers.

Dehydration Synthesis

The chemical process of bonding $2$ monomers together by removing water.

Hydrolysis

The chemical process of breaking apart $2$ monomers by splitting water.

Polysaccharides

Polymers of sugars that provide structure or store energy.

Starch

An energy storage polysaccharide in plants that stores glucose.

Glycogen

A storage polysaccharide found in animals that stores glucose in the liver and muscles.