Chapter 38: Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support (Exam 3)

What is the main role of the RT in life support?

manage the airway by providing ventilation

What does SCA stand for?

Sudden Cardiac Arrest

What two things does successful resuscitation depend on?

immediate CPR and defibrillation

What is the main goal of Basic Life Support (BLS)?

to restore ventilation and circulation to victims of cardiac arrest and respiratory failure

What is the amount of time you should check for a pulse and breathing in a victim?

no more than 10 seconds

What cycle is used for adults if no AED is available?

30 compressions to 2 ventilations

What is the depth chest compressions should reach on an adult/children?

At least 2 inches (5 cm)

What is the rate of compressions?

100 - 120 per minute

What does BLS begin with?

immediate recognition of SCA and activation of the emergency response system

What should we allow within the chest during compressions?

full recoil completely after each compression

Where should the pulse assessment be performed in adults and children older than 1 year?

carotid or femoral artery

What do you do if patient has a pulse but no breathing?

ventilation at 10 - 12 breaths per minute or one breath every 5 - 6 seconds

What is the max time chest compressions should cease for if interrupted?

no more than 5 seconds

Once an advanced airway is placed during CPR, how do we deliver ventilation in regard to compression and what is rate?

deliver uninterrupted chest compressions with asynchronous ventilations every 5-6 seconds

What amount of cardiac output can good compressions produce?

¼ of normal blood pressure of 60-80 mm Hg

How do we place adult victims for compressions?

in supine position on firm surface

What is the depth of compressions for infants?

at least 1.5 inches (4 cm)

What indicates a neonate to have immediate CPR preformed after birth?

heart rate decreases to less than 60/min

What is the ratio for neonates for compressions and breaths?

3:1 ratio of 90 compressions and 30 breathes

What does the A-B-C approach stand for and when is it used?

Airway-Breathing-Compressions and used during near drowning experiences

What will be administered to suspected opioid-related life-threatening emergencies?

Naloxone (Narcan)

What techniques are used for restoring the airway and one with neck injurys?

head-tilt/chin-lift method and jaw-thrust method

When does breathlessness exist in restoring ventilation?

if no chest movement or normal breath sounds are present or only gasping is present

What % of oxygen is in exhaled air?

16%

What is average tide volume we should provide to avoid complications?

500 mL

What is a “lay rescuer”?

a person without formal training but providing assistance in an emergency situation

What 3 things should rescue attempts continue until?

advanced life support is available, ROSC, physician pronounces victim dead

What do we use for treating foreign body airway obstruction for adults and children?

Abdominal thrusts

What two types of adults would we use chest thrusts on instead of abdominal thrusts?

Pregnant women and obese individuals

How many back blows and chest thrusts should be given to an infant?

5 and 5

What does ACLS stand for?

Advanced cardiovascular life support

What 3 things can lead to hypoxia during CPR?

Low cardiac output, pulmonary shunting, and abnormalities

What can impede the action of certain drugs and can diminish effectiveness of electrical therapies?

Metabolic acidosis

What are 2 types of airways we use?

Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal

What is main goal of endotracheal intubation?

Deliver ventilation that is not synchronous with chest compressions and restore airway patency

What are 3 hazards of bag-masked devices?

Gastric insufflation, barotrauma reduced, hyperventilation

How often can epinephrine be given?

Every 3 to 5 minutes until patient is announced dead or run out

What are 3 types of electrical therapies?

Unsynchronized countershock, synchronized countershock, electrical pacing

What does Etiology of cardiac arrest mean?

The cause

If the patient survives, what typically is the next step for them?

Put on ventilator and sent to ICU

how much is the mL/kg predicted body weight for bag-masked ventilation?

6-7

At what flow can we minimize gastric insufflation?

Less than 30 L/min

When an advanced airway is in place, what is rate of ventilation?

10-12 breaths per minute