Transformation of Energy Exam Review

Energy

the capability to do work or cause change

Chemical Bond

a force that hold atoms and ions together to form stable molecules

Enzyme

a protein that helps speed up chemical reactions

Photoautotroph

an organism that uses light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food through photosynthesis

Chemoautotroph

an organism that uses energy created from other chemical reactions to make their own food

Heterotroph

organism that can’t make their own food

Whale fall

the process when a whale falls to the ocean floor and it becomes its own ecosystem that organisms can feed off of for centuries

Chlorophyll

natural green pigment found in plants and algae that absorb energy from the sun to power photosynthesis

ATP

main energy currency of living things, three attached phosphates

ADP

partially drained energy currency, two attached phosphates

Electron Transport

high energy electrons passed down a protein chain for energy to be released, where most of the cell’s ATP is made

Anabolism

the building of complex molecules and requires energy, endergonic, non-spontaneous, delta G is positive

Catabolism

the breaking down of complex molecules and releases energy, exergonic, spontaneous, delta G is negative

Mitochrondria

performs cellular respiration by breaking down glucose and oxygen, and releases ATP, the electron transport happens in the intermembrane space

Chloroplast

performs photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide, water, and light to create oxygen and glucose, the electron transport happens in the thylakoid space

Light Reactions

where light energy is converted into chemical energy, water split into oxygen, produces ATP, NADPH, and oxygen inside the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

Dark Reactions

the chemical energy, ATP and NADPH, is used to turn carbon dioxide into glucose, happens in the stroma