[Actual Test] - The Dugong: Sea Cow

herbivorous /hɜːrˈbɪvərəs/

(adj.), ăn thực vật, feeding mainly or entirely on plants. Example: Dugongs are herbivorous mammals that mainly eat seagrass.

marine /məˈriːn/

(adj.), thuộc biển hoặc đại dương, relating to the sea. Example: Pollution can seriously damage marine ecosystems.

resemblance /rɪˈzembləns/

(n.), sự giống nhau, similarity in appearance or characteristics. Example: There is a strong resemblance between the two species.

predominantly /prɪˈdɑːmɪnəntli/

(adv.), chủ yếu, phần lớn, mainly or mostly. Example: Dugongs are found predominantly in shallow coastal waters.

ingest /ɪnˈdʒest/

(v.), ăn hoặc nuốt vào cơ thể, to take food or another substance into the body. Example: Dugongs usually ingest the whole plant.

tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/

(adj.), liên quan đến xúc giác, relating to the sense of touch. Example: Dugongs have a strong tactile sense.

graze /ɡreɪz/

(v.), gặm cỏ hoặc thực vật, to eat grass or other plants growing on the ground. Example: Dugongs graze on seagrass beds.

disturbance /dɪˈstɜːrbəns/

(n.), sự xáo trộn hoặc tác động làm gián đoạn, an event or activity that disrupts a normal condition. Example: Some plants recover quickly from environmental disturbance.

derive /dɪˈraɪv/

(v.), nhận được hoặc bắt nguồn từ, to obtain something from a particular source. Example: The animals derive an advantage from this feeding pattern.

inefficiency /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi/

(n.), sự kém hiệu quả, the state of not working in the most effective way. Example: The dugongs actually benefit from their apparent inefficiency.

semi-nomadic /ˌsemi noʊˈmædɪk/

(adj.), bán du mục, moving between places while remaining within a general area. Example: Dugongs are semi-nomadic animals.

availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/

(n.), sự sẵn có, the state of being available or obtainable. Example: Their movements depend on the availability of food.

localized /ˈloʊkəlaɪzd/

(adj.), giới hạn trong một khu vực cụ thể, restricted to a particular area. Example: Most movements occur within a localized area.

presumably /prɪˈzuːməbli/

(adv.), có lẽ, theo suy đoán hợp lý, used when something is believed to be true based on available information. Example: Most animals presumably survived by moving elsewhere.

emaciated /ɪˈmeɪsieɪtɪd/

(adj.), gầy mòn, kiệt sức vì thiếu thức ăn, extremely thin and weak. Example: Emaciated animals were found along the coast.

carcass /ˈkɑːrkəs/

(n.), xác động vật, the dead body of an animal. Example: Several carcasses washed up on the beach.

sedimentation /ˌsedəmənˈteɪʃən/

(n.), sự lắng đọng trầm tích, the process in which sediment collects in an area. Example: Human activity can increase sedimentation in coastal waters.

smother /ˈsmʌðər/

(v.), phủ kín hoặc làm nghẹt, to cover something so completely that it cannot function properly. Example: Sediment can smother seagrass.

anthropogenic /ˌænθrəpəˈdʒenɪk/

(adj.), do con người gây ra, caused by human activity. Example: Many environmental problems are anthropogenic.

degradation /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃən/

(n.), sự suy thoái, the process of becoming damaged or lower in quality. Example: Habitat degradation threatens many marine species.

fatality /fəˈtæləti/

(n.), ca tử vong, a death caused by an accident, disaster, or other event. Example: Fishing-related fatalities remain a serious threat.

entanglement /ɪnˈtæŋɡəlmənt/

(n.), sự mắc hoặc vướng vào dây/lưới, the state of becoming caught in something. Example: Entanglement in fishing nets can cause death.

prone /proʊn/

(adj.), dễ có nguy cơ gặp điều gì, likely to suffer from or experience something undesirable. Example: Dugongs are prone to death from entanglement.

lethal /ˈliːθəl/

(adj.), gây chết người hoặc động vật, capable of causing death. Example: Fishing nets can be lethal to marine mammals.

fatal /ˈfeɪtəl/

(adj.), gây tử vong, causing death. Example: Entanglement can be fatal for dugongs.

spend one's entire life

(collocation), dành cả cuộc đời làm hoặc sống ở đâu đó. Example: Some marine mammals spend their entire lives in the sea.

give rise to sth

(collocation), dẫn đến hoặc tạo ra điều gì. Example: Environmental damage can give rise to serious health problems.

consist mainly of sth

(collocation), chủ yếu bao gồm điều gì. Example: Their diet consists mainly of seagrass.

be limited by sth

(collocation), bị giới hạn bởi điều gì. Example: Plant growth can be limited by the availability of light.

the availability of sth

(collocation), mức độ sẵn có của điều gì. Example: Animal migration often depends on the availability of food.

compensate for sth

(collocation), bù đắp cho một điểm yếu hoặc thiếu hụt. Example: Dugongs use smell to compensate for their poor eyesight.

poor eyesight

(collocation), thị lực kém. Example: Due to their poor eyesight, dugongs rely on other senses.

feel one's surroundings

(collocation), cảm nhận môi trường xung quanh bằng xúc giác. Example: Dugongs use sensitive bristles to feel their surroundings.

ingest the whole plant

(collocation), ăn hoặc nuốt toàn bộ cây. Example: Dugongs normally ingest the whole plant, including the roots.

recover from disturbance

(collocation), phục hồi sau sự xáo trộn hoặc tổn hại. Example: Some plants recover quickly from disturbance.

derive an advantage from sth

(collocation), có được lợi thế từ điều gì. Example: Dugongs derive an advantage from this unusual feeding behaviour.

return to specific points

(collocation), quay lại những địa điểm cụ thể. Example: Their memory allows them to return to specific points.

extreme weather

(collocation), thời tiết cực đoan. Example: Extreme weather can destroy large areas of habitat.

cause extensive damage to sth

(collocation), gây thiệt hại nghiêm trọng cho điều gì. Example: Flooding can cause extensive damage to coastal ecosystems.

decline in quality

(collocation), sự suy giảm về chất lượng. Example: Pollution can cause a decline in water quality.

prevent sth from reaching sth

(collocation), ngăn thứ gì tới được nơi nào. Example: Sediment can prevent light from reaching seagrass.

habitat degradation

(collocation), sự suy thoái môi trường sống. Example: Habitat degradation threatens many endangered species.

fishing-related fatalities

(collocation), các ca tử vong liên quan đến đánh bắt. Example: Fishing-related fatalities remain a major conservation issue.

be prone to sth

(collocation), dễ có nguy cơ gặp điều gì. Example: Marine mammals can be prone to entanglement.

be trapped in sth

(collocation), bị mắc hoặc kẹt trong điều gì. Example: Animals may become trapped in fishing nets.

pose a danger to sth

(collocation), gây nguy hiểm cho ai hoặc điều gì. Example: Plastic pollution poses a danger to marine wildlife.

pose a risk to sth

(collocation), gây ra rủi ro cho điều gì. Example: Human activity can pose a serious risk to biodiversity.

the main risk

(collocation), rủi ro chính. Example: Local fishing is the main risk in shallow waters.

resemble /rɪˈzembəl/

= look like, giống ai hoặc thứ gì về ngoại hình. Example: Dugongs resemble dolphins in several ways.

tell A and B apart

= distinguish A from B, phân biệt A và B. Example: Their tails help people tell dugongs and manatees apart.

ingest the whole plant

= eat the plant completely, ăn toàn bộ cây. Example: Dugongs often ingest the whole plant, including the roots.

remaining /rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/

= left behind, còn lại hoặc bị bỏ lại. Example: New growth spreads from the remaining tufts.

recover /rɪˈkʌvər/

= grow back / re-grow, phục hồi hoặc mọc trở lại. Example: Some seagrasses recover quickly after grazing.

travel long distances

= make long movements, di chuyển quãng đường dài. Example: Dugongs travel long distances in search of food.

caused by

= due to / because of, do hoặc bởi vì. Example: The movement may be caused by changes in food availability.

availability /əˌveɪləˈbɪləti/

= how much of something is available, mức độ sẵn có của một thứ. Example: Their movement depends on seagrass availability.

prior to

= before, trước một thời điểm hoặc sự kiện. Example: The population was much larger prior to the floods.

greatest danger

= main risk, mối nguy lớn nhất hoặc rủi ro chính. Example: Local fishing is the main risk in shallow waters.

be trapped

= become entangled, bị mắc hoặc vướng vào thứ gì. Example: Dugongs may become entangled in fishing nets.

cause deaths

= be lethal / be fatal, gây tử vong. Example: Entanglement can be fatal to marine mammals.

return to old habitats

= return to specific points, quay trở lại những địa điểm trước đây. Example: Their memory allows them to return to specific points after long journeys.

population is shrinking

= population decline, quần thể đang suy giảm. Example: The dugong population has experienced a significant decline.

die out

= become extinct, tuyệt chủng. Example: Small populations may eventually die out.