Arc 141 Midterm Review- Godlewski, Syracuse University

Tripartite

consisting of three parts

Anagogical method

Abbot Suger proposes this upward leaning method to suggest that building beautiful places can transport worshippers closer to a heavenly experience

Metabolism

a reaction to Western strains of the modern movement

Metabolists

looked to long-standing building traditions in Japan, but rather than mimicking them formally, the integrate them into their own sets of rules

Cai-Fen

a modular system of carpentry measurement for new construction an 8-rank grading system for different sizes of timber elements

Anthropocentric:

human centered

Humanism

philosophy formed by the secular study of history and science that emphasizes the importance of human agency rather than supernatural or divine forces

Lineaments

Nothing to do with materials; "line and angles" designs, "conceived in the mind," "perfected in the learned intellect and imagination"

Renaissance

a period in European history where there was a rebirth of classical learning after a long period of relative decline and darkn

Firmitas, utilitas, venustas

firmness, commodity, delight (durability, convenience and beauty)

Modernization

processes, technologies, renewal. Process of transformation from rural "traditional culture to urban "modern" culture (urban renewal, transportation, vaccines)

Modernism - 1

To be modern meant to believe in progress and embrace the new space-time experience and freedom engendered by breakthroughs in engineering and transportation

Zeitgeist

the spirit of the age

Rationalism

the belief that problems could be solved through rational means

Modernism - 2

-cultural tendencies, artistic formations, ideas that celebrate modernization

- Rejects the certainty of enlightenment

- Celebration, faith in progress, and experimentation (James Joyce, LeCorbusier, Picasso, Mondrian)

The Five Points of a New Architecture

Pilotis (freestanding concrete columns), the free plan, the free façade, the horizontal or ribbon window, and the roof garden

Architecture can:

Ø Change the way you think

Ø Change your expectations

Ø Can change your assumptions about the world

Gentrification

the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)

Haussmanization

modernization program of Paris commissioned by Napoléon III and led by Haussmann. long straight, wide boulevards with their cafés and shops determined a new type of urban scenario and have had a profound influence on the everyday lives of Parisians.cutting through the old Paris of dense and irregular medieval alleyways into a more rationally-designed city with wide avenues and open spaces which extended outwards far beyond the old city limits.

discourse

conversation

degenerates

an immoral or corrupt person

mound in the wood

part of the idea that architecture can be something that just feels significant to the viewer. (When one is at the site of a mound, a feeling of significance occurs)

homogenous

of the same kind

heterogenous

(adj.) composed of different kinds, diverse

flying buttress

an arched stone support on the outside of buildings, which allows builders to construct higher walls

pilotis

Thin steel or concrete posts that are used to support roofs and floor slabs. Their use began in the early 20th Century and eliminated the need for bearing walls

raumplan

a German term (raum = room = space) used to described Adolf Loos' method of designing with clearly defined, bound spaces ("rooms") that do not freely flow into adjacent spaces, although strategic sight lines and sectional relationships may link spaces together.

Tabula rasa

John Locke's concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas.

Dialectic

any formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments

creative destruction

the hypothesis that the creation of new products and production methods simultaneously destroys the market power of existing monopolies

urban development

space racism

A powerful collection of racist policies that lead to resource inequity between racialized spaces or the elimination of certain racialized spaces, which are substantiated by racist ideas about racialized spaces

manifesto

a public statement explaining the intentions, motives, or views of an individual or group

knowledge

Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources

Postcolonialism (c. 1950s-present)

A cultural, intellectual, political, and literary movement of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries characterized by the representation and analysis of the historical experiences of the victims (both individuals and nations) of colonial power. Attempts to understand the emergence of colonial power and its lasting consequences. Prominent works include Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart, V. S. Naipaul's A House for Mr. Biswas, and Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children. Edward Said's Orientalism (1978) provided an important theoretical basis for understanding this genre of literature.

dual-city hypothesis

situation in which urban contexts with a historical experience of colonialism exhibit unequal social and spatial division

catalytic

bringing about, causing, or producing some result

normative

describes beliefs or values about how things should be or what people ought to do rather than what actually is

villa suburbana

suburban villa, usually in the outskirts of urban setting

perspective

(n.) a point of view or general standpoint from which different things are viewed, physically or mentally; the appearance to the eye of various objects at a given time, place, or distance

Treatise

A methodically and thoroughly written discussion of a topic

Free plan

the building structure is separate of the interior partitions

Ideology

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Maison Domino

is an open floor plan structure designed by noted architecture Le Corbusier in 1914-1915. it is a design idea to manufacture in series, that combines the order he discovered in classical architecture

Romanesque

(1050-1200) a heavy, solid architectural style which was characterized by round arches, great stone portals, rich decoration and massive stone walls.

Primitive hut

The first dwelling, architecture free from the burdens of history and style, which authenticly and naturally expressed the original way of building, thereby thought to be truer than an architecture practice, which relied on historical styles.