intro to the skeleton

Function of Bones

Mineral storage - reservoir for minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus

Blood cell formation - haematopoiesis occurs within the marrow cavities of bones

Fat storage - in bone marrow

Hyaline cartilage

encases and protects bones from rubbing against each other

trabecular bone

forms in the end of bones and in between cortical and flat bones

cortical bone

dense outer layer, may be under more pressure or stress

Diaphysis

Tubular shaft that forms the axis of long bone

Composed of compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity

Yellow bone marrow (fat) is contained in the medullary cavity

Epiphysis

Expands end of long bones

Exterior is compact bone, and the interior is spongy bone

Joint surface is covered by articular cartilage

Epiphyseal line separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis

Epiphyseal line

line denoting the growth plate in adolescents and children, or point of fusion for the metaphysis and epiphysis in adults

Medullary Cavity

the hollow tube that runs down the diaphysis of a long bone

Bone marrow

substance contained within the medullary cavity, and trabecular bone of some long bones

Periosteum

double-layered protective membrane

Outer fibrous layer is dense regular connective tissue

Inner osteogenic layer is composed of osteoblasts and osteaclasts

Richly supplied with nerve fibres, blood and lymphatic vessels, which enter the bone via nutrient foramina

Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey's Fibers

Endosteum

delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone