Sodium Chloride 0.9% DTP

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering pharmacology, clinical indications, precautions, dosages, and special practice notes for Sodium chloride 0.9% based on Queensland Ambulance Service protocols.

Drug Class

An isotonic crystalloid solution.

Pharmacology

An isotonic crystalloid that acts as a vehicle for many parenteral drugs and as an electrolyte replenisher for the maintenance or replacement of fluid deficits.

Metabolism

Demonstrates $100\%$ bioavailability; excess sodium is predominantly excreted by the kidneys.

Indications

1. Inadequate tissue perfusion/shock

2. Hypovolaemia

3. Significant burns (Total Body Surface Area >20% for adults or >10% for paediatrics)

4. Dissolving and diluting drugs (for IM, IV, or IO administration)

5. As a flush following IV or IO drug administration.

Contraindications

Nil.

Precautions

1. Patients with acute and/or a history of heart failure

2. Pre-existing renal failure

3. Uncontrolled haemorrhage (unless associated with severe head injury).

Side Effects

Excessive administration will result in fluid overload.

Pharmacokinetics

Onset: Immediate

Duration: variable

Half-life: N/A

Presentations

Ampoule containing $10\,\text{mL}$; Viaflex plastic containers containing $100\,\text{mL}$ or $500\,\text{mL}$; and BD PosiFlush™ $10\,\text{mL}$ pre-filled syringe.

Adult dosages

Inadequate tissue perfusion and hypovolaemia

1. IV/IO inf: PRN, titrated according to indication and patient's physiological response

Significant burns (TBSA >20%)

1. IV/IO inf: 15ml/he X TBSA (nearest 10%). If greater than 100kg administer an additional 200ml/hr

Paediatric dosages

Inadequate tissue perfusion, hypovolaemia:

1. 10-20ml/kg, may be repeated twice based on patient needs and physiological response, up to a total maximum dose of 60ml/kg.

Significant burns (TBSA >10%)

1. Consult