Kines 203 Exam 2 Penn State

antagonist

substance that interferes with or opposes the action of a drug

contraindication

factor that makes the use of a drug undesirable or dangerous

phytomedicine

another name for herbal medicine

potentiation

increased potency created by two drugs acting together

substance dependence

condition that may result from chronic use of a drug, in which a person has a chronic or compulsive need for a drug regardless of its adverse effects

synergy

combined action of two or more drugs working together to produce an effect greater than any of the drugs could produce when acting alone

-lytic

dissolving, reducing, loosening

-mimetic

mimicking, simulating

-tropic

acting on

anti-

against

contra-

against, opposite, opposed

counter-

against, opposed

alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o

pain

chem/o

chemical

hypn/o

sleep

narc/o

stupor

pharm, pharmac/o

drug, medicine

pyr/o, pyret/o

fever

tox/o, toxic/o

poison, toxin

vas/o

vessel

APAP

acetaminophen

ASA

aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

cap

capsule

INH

isoniazid (antituberculosis drug)

NSAIDs

non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug

ung

ointment

ā

before

āā

of each

ac

before meals

ad lib

as desired

bid

twice a day

č

with

DS

double strength

hs

at bedtime

p

after, post

pc

after meals

po

by mouth

prn

as needed

qam

every morning

qh

every hour

q_h

every ____ hours

qid

four times a day

š

without

adrenergics

mimic the action of the sympathetic nervous system, which responds to stress

narcotics

decrease pain sensation in CNS

anesthetics

reduce or eliminate sensation

anticoagulants

prevent coagulation and formation of blood clots

antiemetics

relieve symptoms of nausea and prevent vomiting

antineoplastics

destroy cancer cells, toxic for all cells but have a greater effect on cells that are actively growing and dividing

Diuretics

promote excretion of water

chamomile

anti-inflammatory, sedative

flax

source of fatty acids

ginger

relief of nausea and motion sickness, treatment of cold and sore throat

ginseng

stress reduction, lowers blood cholesterol

green tea

antioxidant, acts against cancer of GI tract and skin

tea tree oil

antimicrobial

valerian

sedative

instillation

liquid is dropped or poured slowly into a body cavity or on the surface of the body (ex. ear or eye)

sublingual

administered under the ongue

transdermal

absorbed through the skin

apidural

injected into the space between the meninges

hypodermoclysis

administration of a solution by subcutaneous infusion

subcutaneous

injected beneath the skin

spina (intrathecal)

injected through the meninges into the spinal fluid

intravenous

injected into a vein

elixir

clear, pleasantly flavored and sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use

emulsion

mixture in which one liquid is dispersed but not dissolved in another liquid

suspension

fine particles dispersed in a liquid, must be shaken before use

tincture

substance dissolves in an alcoholic solution

ampule

small sealed glass or plastic container used for sterile intravenous solutions

bolus

concentrated amount of a diagnostic or therapeutic substance given rapidly intravenously

endocardium

thin membrane that lines chambers and valves of the heart

myocardium

thick muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall

epicardium

thin membrane that covers the heart

pericardium

fibrous sac containing the heart that anchors it to surrounding structures (sternum and diaphragm)

interventricular septum

divides the left and right ventricles

interatrial septum

divides the left and right atria

pulmonary circuit

right side of the heart to the lungs

systemic circuit

left side of the hear to the body

Blood flow

from the body--superior/inferior vena cava--right atrium--right ventricle--pulmonary artery--lungs--pulmonary vein--left atrium--left ventricle-aorta--body

Right AV (tricuspid) valve

right atrium to ventricle, has 3 cusps

Left AV (mitral) valve

bicuspid valve with 2 cusps, left atrium to ventricle

semilunar/pulmonic valve

entrance to pulmonary artery, cusps shaped like half moons

semilunar/aortic valve

entrance to aorta, cusps shaped like half moons

S1

first heart sound heard, lubb, valves between chambers close

S2

second heart sound heard, dubb, valves to aorta and pulmonary artery

functional murmur

any sound made as the heart functions normally

heart beat

number of contractions per minute

pulse

wave of pressure when the ventricles contract

sinoatrial (SA) node

upper right atrium, sets the rate of the heartbeat

atrioventricular (AV) node

bottom of the right atrium, internodal fibers between SA and AV node carry stimulation through atria

ECG

measures the hearts electrical activity

arteries

carry blood away from the heart, blood is high in O2 (except pulmonary)

arterioles

vessels smaller than arteries that lead into the capillaries

capillaries

smallest vessels, through which exchange takes place between the blood and tissues

venules

small vessels that receive blood from the capillaries and drain into veins

veins

carry blood back to the heart

blood pressure

force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel

sphygmomanometer

measures BP in a large artery with an inflatable cuff

immunity

lymph nodes filter lymph as it passes through the body in the cervical axillary, mediastinal and inguinal areas