Networking 120: Level Up! | 140 Questions

🚀 Seven weeks of networking practice with 140 original questions and short notebook-style answers. 🔵 OSI · 🟣 Models · 🟢 Ethernet · 🟡 Wi-Fi · 🟠 WAN · 🔴 IPv4 & ARP · 🟦 DHCP & Routing. 🎯 Master 20 cards per round!

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q1 | Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing data between devices? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ C. Network

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q2 | What is the primary function of the Data Link layer? A. Routing data | B. Error detection and correction | C. Data encryption | D. Session management

✅ B. Error detection and correction

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q3 | Which layer of the OSI model translates data between the application layer and the network? A. Application | B. Presentation | C. Session | D. Transport

✅ B. Presentation

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q4 | What is the unique identifier burned into a NIC called? A. IP address | B. MAC address | C. Hostname | D. Subnet mask

✅ B. MAC address

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q5 | Which OSI layer is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions? A. Application | B. Presentation | C. Session | D. Transport

✅ C. Session

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q6 | What type of cable is most commonly used in networks for physical connections? A. Coaxial cable | B. Fiber optic cable | C. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) | D. Shielded twisted pair (STP)

✅ C. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q7 | Which device replaced hubs in modern networks to improve efficiency? A. Router | B. Switch | C. Modem | D. Bridge

✅ B. Switch

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q8 | What is the maximum size of data that a typical frame can hold? A. 512 bytes | B. 1024 bytes | C. 1500 bytes | D. 2048 bytes

✅ C. 1500 bytes

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q9 | Which OSI layer is responsible for data encryption and decryption? A. Application | B. Presentation | C. Session | D. Transport

✅ B. Presentation

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q10 | What is the purpose of the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) in a frame? A. To identify the sender | B. To identify the recipient | C. To check for errors | D. To encrypt data

✅ C. To check for errors

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q11 | Which OSI layer handles the logical addressing of devices? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ C. Network

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q12 | What is the broadcast MAC address used for? A. Sending data to a specific device | B. Sending data to all devices on the network | C. Encrypting data | D. Establishing a session

✅ B. Sending data to all devices on the network

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q13 | Which OSI layer is responsible for flow control and error recovery? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ D. Transport

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q14 | What does the acronym NIC stand for? A. Network Interface Card | B. Network Internet Connection | C. Network Internal Component | D. Network Interchange Card

✅ A. Network Interface Card

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q15 | Which OSI layer provides network services to applications? A. Application | B. Presentation | C. Session | D. Transport

✅ A. Application

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q16 | What is the primary function of a switch in a network? A. Routing data between networks | B. Connecting multiple networks | C. Filtering and forwarding data to the correct device | D. Converting digital signals to analog

✅ C. Filtering and forwarding data to the correct device

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q17 | Which OSI layer is responsible for the physical connection between devices? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ A. Physical

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q18 | What is the purpose of the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) in a MAC address? A. To identify the device manufacturer | B. To identify the network | C. To encrypt data | D. To establish a session

✅ A. To identify the device manufacturer

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q19 | Which OSI layer is responsible for ensuring complete data transfer? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ D. Transport

🔵 W1 • OSI & Devices • Q20 | What is the role of the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer in the Data Link layer? A. Handling physical addressing | B. Managing device drivers and flow control | C. Encrypting data | D. Establishing sessions

✅ B. Managing device drivers and flow control

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q21 | What is the primary purpose of network models? A. To increase network speed | B. To standardize network functions | C. To reduce network costs | D. To eliminate network errors

✅ B. To standardize network functions

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q22 | Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing data packets? A. Data Link | B. Transport | C. Network | D. Physical

✅ C. Network

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q23 | In the OSI model, which layer manages node-to-node data transfer? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ B. Data Link

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q24 | Which layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the OSI's Physical and Data Link layers? A. Network Interface | B. Internet | C. Transport | D. Application

✅ A. Network Interface

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q25 | What process involves wrapping data with protocol information at each layer? A. Decapsulation | B. Encapsulation | C. Encryption | D. Compression

✅ B. Encapsulation

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q26 | Which OSI layer is responsible for error detection and correction? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ B. Data Link

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q27 | Which layer of the OSI model provides network services directly to end-user applications? A. Presentation | B. Session | C. Application | D. Transport

✅ C. Application

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q28 | In the TCP/IP model, which layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing? A. Network Interface | B. Internet | C. Transport | D. Application

✅ B. Internet

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q29 | What is the main function of the Transport layer in both OSI and TCP/IP models? A. Data encapsulation | B. Data encryption | C. Reliable data transfer | D. Physical data transmission

✅ C. Reliable data transfer

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q30 | Which OSI layer translates data between the application layer and the network? A. Session | B. Presentation | C. Application | D. Transport

✅ B. Presentation

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q31 | What is the first layer of the OSI model? A. Data Link | B. Physical | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ B. Physical

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q32 | Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for managing sessions between applications? A. Session | B. Presentation | C. Application | D. Transport

✅ A. Session

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q33 | In the TCP/IP model, which layer combines the OSI's Session, Presentation, and Application layers? A. Network Interface | B. Internet | C. Transport | D. Application

✅ D. Application

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q34 | What is the reverse process of encapsulation called? A. Decapsulation | B. Decryption | C. Decompression | D. Demodulation

✅ A. Decapsulation

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q35 | Which OSI layer ensures complete data transfer and error recovery? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ D. Transport

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q36 | Which layer of the OSI model handles the physical connection between devices? A. Data Link | B. Physical | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ B. Physical

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q37 | What is the main purpose of the OSI model? A. To provide a universal set of standards for networking | B. To increase network speed | C. To reduce network costs | D. To eliminate network errors

✅ A. To provide a universal set of standards for networking

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q38 | Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for ensuring reliable data transfer? A. Network Interface | B. Internet | C. Transport | D. Application

✅ C. Transport

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q39 | Which OSI layer is responsible for translating data formats? A. Session | B. Presentation | C. Application | D. Transport

✅ B. Presentation

🟣 W2 • Models & Encapsulation • Q40 | In the OSI model, which layer is responsible for the logical addressing of data packets? A. Physical | B. Data Link | C. Network | D. Transport

✅ C. Network

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q41 | When was the first Ethernet developed? A. 1970 | B. 1973 | C. 1976 | D. 1979

✅ B. 1973

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q42 | Which company developed the first Ethernet? A. Intel | B. IBM | C. Xerox | D. DEC

✅ C. Xerox

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q43 | What was the maximum data transfer speed of the first Ethernet? A. 1 Mbps | B. 3 Mbps | C. 10 Mbps | D. 4 Mbps

✅ B. 3 Mbps

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q44 | What is the IEEE standard for Ethernet? A. 802.1 | B. 802.2 | C. 802.3 | D. [Blank in original document]

✅ C. 802.3

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q45 | Which of the following is NOT a variant of the 802.3 standard? A. 802.3i | B. 802.3ab | C. 802.3by | D. 802.3x

✅ D. 802.3x

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q46 | What is the minimum Ethernet frame size? A. 64 bytes | B. 128 bytes | C. 32 bytes | D. 256 bytes

✅ A. 64 bytes

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q47 | Which component of the Ethernet frame uniquely identifies NICs? A. Preamble | B. Type | C. MAC addresses | D. Data

✅ C. MAC addresses

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q48 | What does 10BASE-T stand for? A. 10 Mbps, Baseband, Twisted-pair | B. 10 Mbps, Broadband, Twisted-pair | C. 10 Mbps, Baseband, Coaxial | D. 10 Mbps, Broadband, Coaxial

✅ A. 10 Mbps, Baseband, Twisted-pair

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q49 | What is the maximum distance between hub and node for 10BASE-FL? A. 100 meters | B. 500 meters | C. 1000 meters | D. 2000 meters

✅ D. 2000 meters

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q50 | What is a media access control table used for? A. Managing IP addresses | B. Tracking MAC addresses | C. Storing data packets | D. Managing collision domains

✅ B. Tracking MAC addresses

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q51 | Which tool is used for installing an RJ-45 connector? A. Screwdriver | B. Crimper | C. Pliers | D. Hammer

✅ B. Crimper

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q52 | What does CSMA/CD stand for? A. Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection | B. Carrier Signal Multiple Access/Collision Detection | C. Cable Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection | D. Cable Signal Multiple Access/Collision Detection

✅ A. Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q53 | What happens when a collision occurs in an Ethernet network? A. Both NICs continue transmitting | B. Both NICs stop transmitting and retransmit after a random time | C. One NIC stops transmitting and the other continues | D. Transmission is lost and not retried

✅ B. Both NICs stop transmitting and retransmit after a random time

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q54 | Which topology was used in the original Ethernet networks? A. Star | B. Ring | C. Mesh | D. Bus

✅ D. Bus

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q55 | What is a primary advantage of using switches over hubs in Ethernet networks? A. Increased collision rate | B. Point-to-point connections | C. Reduced network bandwidth | D. Fewer MAC addresses

✅ B. Point-to-point connections

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q56 | What pin numbers are used for sending data in 10BASE-T? A. 1 and 2 | B. 3 and 6 | C. 5 and 7 | D. 4 and 8

✅ A. 1 and 2

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q57 | What cabling standard was introduced with 10BASE-T? A. Cat 1 | B. Cat 2 | C. Cat 3 | D. Cat 4

✅ C. Cat 3

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q58 | Which type of Ethernet uses fiber-optic cabling? A. 10BASE-T | B. 10BASE-FL | C. 10BASE-2 | D. 10BASE-5

✅ B. 10BASE-FL

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q59 | What term describes a network segment where a single device can monopolize the bus cable? A. Collision domain | B. Multicast domain | C. Broadcast domain | D. Unicast domain

✅ A. Collision domain

🟢 W3 • Ethernet & Cables • Q60 | What is the purpose of a frame check sequence in Ethernet? A. To encrypt data | B. To detect damage | C. To compress data | D. To expand data

✅ B. To detect damage

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q61 | What is the most widely adopted wireless networking type today? A. Bluetooth | B. Wi-Fi | C. Zigbee | D. NFC

✅ B. Wi-Fi

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q62 | Under which standard are Wi-Fi technologies supported and standardized? A. IEEE 802.3 | B. IEEE 802.11 | C. IEEE 802.15 | D. IEEE 802.16

✅ B. IEEE 802.11

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q63 | What is the function of a wireless Ethernet NIC? A. Transmits data using fiber optics | B. Transmits data using radio waves | C. Transmits data using infrared signals | D. Transmits data using coaxial cables

✅ B. Transmits data using radio waves

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q64 | What is shown in the Figure above ? [See PDF page 11: desktop expansion card with antennas.] A. External USB wireless NIC | B. Internal PCIe wireless NIC | C. Wireless router | D. Wireless access points

✅ B. Internal PCIe wireless NIC

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q65 | What is the function of a basic Wireless Access Point (WAP)? A. Interconnects wireless network nodes with wired networks | B. Provides internet access to mobile devices | C. Encrypts wireless data | D. Monitors network traffic

✅ A. Interconnects wireless network nodes with wired networks

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q66 | What is shown in Figure above? [See PDF page 12: white eero mesh unit.] A. Wireless router | B. Wireless repeater | C. Car | D. Wireless bridge

✅ A. Wireless router

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q67 | What are some settings you can configure in a wireless configuration utility? A. Link state, signal strength, wireless network modes, security encryption, power-saving options | B. IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server | C. Firewall rules, port forwarding, NAT settings | D. User accounts, permissions, group policies

✅ A. Link state, signal strength, wireless network modes, security encryption, power-saving options

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q68 | What factors affect the range of wireless networking? A. Environmental factors, other wireless devices, solid objects | B. Cable length, signal attenuation, interference | C. Network topology, routing protocols, bandwidth | D. Device firmware, software updates, user settings

✅ A. Environmental factors, other wireless devices, solid objects

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q69 | What is an SSID? A. A unique identifier for a Bluetooth device | B. A standard name applied to the Basic Service Set (BSS) or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) | C. A security protocol for wireless networks | D. A type of wireless encryption

✅ B. A standard name applied to the Basic Service Set (BSS) or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q70 | What is the process of changing WAP connections called? A. Hopping | B. Switching | C. Roaming | D. Bridging

✅ C. Roaming

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q71 | What frequencies do the original 802.11 standards use? A. 1.8 GHz and 3.6 GHz | B. 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz | C. 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz | D. 5.8 GHz and 6.0 GHz

✅ B. 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q72 | What does the original IEEE 802.11 standard use to transmit data? A. Frequency modulation | B. Spread spectrum radio waves | C. Amplitude modulation | D. Phase modulation

✅ B. Spread spectrum radio waves

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q73 | What are the three spread-spectrum broadcasting methods? A. DSSS, FHSS, OFDM | B. CDMA, TDMA, FDMA | C. LTE, WiMAX, HSPA | D. GSM, UMTS, LTE

✅ A. DSSS, FHSS, OFDM

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q74 | What is the characteristic of DSSS? A. Sends data on one frequency at a time | B. Uses about 22 MHz of bandwidth | C. Uses less bandwidth than FHSS | D. Constantly shifts (hops) from frequency to frequency

✅ B. Uses about 22 MHz of bandwidth

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q75 | How does FHSS transmit data? A. Sends data on one frequency at a time and constantly shifts (hops) from frequency to frequency | B. Sends data simultaneously on different frequencies | C. Divides the signal into multiple smaller sub-signals | D. Uses a single frequency for transmission

✅ A. Sends data on one frequency at a time and constantly shifts (hops) from frequency to frequency

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q76 | How many channels are defined for the 2.4-GHz band by the 802.11 standard? A. 11 | B. 13 | C. 14 | D. 16

✅ A. 11 channels (U.S.) / C. 14 channels (worldwide)

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q77 | What is the purpose of CSMA/CA? A. To encrypt wireless data | B. To avoid collisions in wireless networks | C. To manage IP addresses | D. To configure access points

✅ B. To avoid collisions in wireless networks

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q78 | What is the downside of the 802.11b standard? A. Uses the crowded 2.4-GHz frequency | B. Incompatible with 802.11g | C. Short range of about 150 feet | D. Low data throughput of up to 1 Mbps

✅ A. Uses the crowded 2.4-GHz frequency

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q79 | What technology does 802.11n implement to increase throughput? A. MIMO and channel bonding | B. OFDM and DSSS | C. FHSS and CDMA | D. TDMA and FDMA

✅ A. MIMO and channel bonding

🟡 W4 • Wi-Fi • Q80 | What is the maximum speed of 802.11ax? A. Up to 1 Gbps | B. Up to 2 Gbps | C. Up to 5 Gbps | D. Up to 10 Gbps

✅ D. Up to 10 Gbps

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q81 | Which digital unit represents a single 64 Kbps voice channel introduced in 1962? A. DS1 | B. DS3 | C. DS0 | D. OC-1

✅ C. DS0

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q82 | Which technology allowed voice and internet to work at the same time by using different frequencies on the local loop? A. ISDN | B. DSL | C. T1 | D. Frame Relay

✅ B. DSL

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q83 | How much total bandwidth is provided when combining two 64 Kbps DS0 channels, as used in early digital telephony? A. 64 Kbps | B. 128 Kbps | C. 1.544 Mbps | D. 2.048 Mbps

✅ B. 128 Kbps

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q84 | Which technology listed below is not part of the modern simplified fiber-based backbone (which now uses direct IP/Ethernet instead)? A. Frame Relay | B. ATM | C. TCP/IP | D. Router protocol

✅ A. Frame Relay

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q85 | According to the SONET table, what is the speed of an OC-3 optical carrier level? A. 51.85 Mbps | B. 155.52 Mbps | C. 622.08 Mbps | D. 2.488 Gbps

✅ B. 155.52 Mbps

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q86 | Which legacy WAN technology carried bursty, on-again/off-again traffic and was eventually discontinued? A. ATM | B. Frame Relay | C. MPLS | D. SONET

✅ B. Frame Relay

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q87 | According to the slides, what is the typical download speed range for modern cable modem service? A. 25 Mbps to 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps) | B. 10–50 Mbps | C. 50–100 Mbps | D. 100–200 Mbps

✅ A. 25 Mbps to 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps)

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q88 | Which technology used fixed-length 53-byte cells for transporting voice, video, and data? A. Frame Relay | B. ATM | C. MPLS | D. SONET

✅ B. ATM

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q89 | Which device was required for T1 lines to handle encoding and line conditioning? A. Multiplexing | B. Encoding and conditioning | C. Routing | D. Switching

✅ B. Encoding and conditioning

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q90 | Which DSL variant provides equal upload and download speeds, unlike ADSL? A. ADSL | B. SDSL | C. VDSL | D. HDSL

✅ B. SDSL

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q91 | What is the speed of a T1 line introduced in 1962? A. 1.544 Mbps | B. 2.048 Mbps | C. 34.368 Mbps | D. 44.736 Mbps

✅ A. 1.544 Mbps

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q92 | Which protocol listed below is associated with streaming control and is commonly referenced with TCP port 554? A. RTP | B. SIP | C. H.323 | D. RTSP

✅ D. RTSP

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q93 | According to the slides, what is the main advantage of using fiber for last-mile connections? A. Lower cost | B. Higher bandwidth | C. Easier installation | D. Better compatibility with existing infrastructure

✅ B. Higher bandwidth

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q94 | Which method below describes how MPLS creates end-to-end paths through a network? A. Labels data | B. Encapsulates packets | C. Uses Frame Relay | D. Uses ATM

✅ A. Labels data

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q95 | What is the typical upload speed range for cable modem service, based on DOCSIS capabilities? A. 100–500 Kbps | B. Up to 50 Mbps | C. 1–5 Mbps | D. 5–10 Mbps

✅ B. Up to 50 Mbps

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q96 | Which technology uses different frequency ranges to allow voice and data to travel simultaneously on the same copper pair? A. ISDN | B. DSL | C. T1 | D. Frame Relay

✅ B. DSL

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q97 | According to the SONET table, what is the speed of an OC-768 line? A. 2.488 Gbps | B. 9.955 Gbps | C. 13.22 Gbps | D. 39.82 Gbps

✅ D. 39.82 Gbps

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q98 | Which technology became widely used for high-speed LANs and later for WANs as networks transitioned away from SONET/ATM? A. Frame Relay | B. ATM | C. MPLS | D. SONET

✅ C. MPLS

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q99 | Which device converts analog signals to digital and back again for remote connectivity? A. Multiplexing | B. Modulating and demodulating signals | C. Routing | D. Switching

✅ B. Modulating and demodulating signals

🟠 W5 • WAN & Internet Access • Q100 | Which technology provides internet access using the same coaxial cable originally installed for television service? A. DSL | B. Cable modem | C. Fiber | D. Satellite

✅ B. Cable modem