Country Comparison

UK: Unitary or federal (trend in which direction)

UK: Unitary or federal (trend in which direction)

Unitary (moving towards federal) (Quasi Federal)

UK: HoS

Monarch (King)

UK: HoG

Prime Minister

UK: For which level of government do citizens vote for

Municipal, regional and national

UK: Prez or Parl

Parl

UK: Electoral system for upper house

Not elected but appointed for life

UK: Electoral system for lower house

SMD

UK: Electoral system for executive

N/A

UK: Term limit for executive

None

UK: Upper house

House of Lords (appointed for life)

UK: Lower house

House of Commons (elected)

Russia: Unitary or federal (trend in which direction)

Federal (trend towards more unitary)

Russia: HoS

President

Russia: HoG

PM

Russia: For which level of government do citizens vote for

Referendums, parliamentary and presidential elections

Russia: Prez or Parl

Semi-Prez

Russia: Electoral system for upper house

Not elected but appointed by governors

Russia: Electoral system for lower house

Mixed-PR-SMD (5% threshold)

Russia: Electoral system for executive

Two-round runoff

Russia: Term limit for executive

President: Two consecutive six-year terms (constitution amended by Putin)

Russia: Upper house

Fed. Council

Russia: Lower house

Duma

China: HoS

President

China: HoG

Premier (appointed by president)

China: For which level of government do citizens vote for

Local

China: Prez or Parl

Neither

China: Electoral system for upper house

No upper house

China: Electoral system for lower house

‘Elected’ by provincial People’s congress

China: Electoral system for executive

Chosen by top party members (ie. standing committee of politburo)

China: Term limit for executive

no term limits

China: Upper house

No upper house

China: Lower house

Peoples’ National Congress (not elected)

Mexico: Unitary or federal (trend in which direction)

Federal (moving towards more confederal)

Mexico: HoS

President

Mexico: HoG

President

Mexico: For which level of government do citizens vote for

Local, state, federal

Mexico: Prez or Parl

Prez

Mexico: Electoral system for upper house

Mixed PR-SMD

Mexico: Electoral system for lower house

Mixed PR-SMD

Mexico: Electoral system for executive

Single-round plurality

Mexico: Term limit for executive

One six-year term (sexenio)

Mexico: Upper house

Senate

Mexico: Lower house

Chamber of Deputies

Iran: Unitary or federal (trend in which direction)

Unitary

Iran: HoS

Supreme Leader

Iran: HoG

President

Iran: For which level of government do citizens vote for

President, Assembly of Religious Experts, local officials, Majles

Iran: Prez or Parl

Neither

Iran: Electoral system for upper house

No upper house (officially; expediency council acts as de facto upper houses)

Iran: Electoral system for lower house

FPTP (SMD)

Iran: Electoral system for executive

Two-round-runoff

Iran: Term limit for executive

Two consecutive four-year terms

Iran: Upper house

None (officially; expediency council acts as de facto upper houses)

Iran: Lower house

Majles

Nigeria: Unitary or federal (trend in which direction)

Federal (trend towards more confederal)

Nigeria: HoS

President

Nigeria: HoG

President

Nigeria: For which level of government do citizens vote for

Local, state, federal (pres and two houses)

Nigeria: Prez or Parl

Presidential

Nigeria: Electoral system for upper house

Single-member district (simple plurality)

Nigeria: Electoral system for lower house

Single-member district (simple plurality)

Nigeria: Electoral system for executive

Two-round-runoff (more than 25% in ⅔ of states)

Nigeria: Term limit for executive

Two four-year terms

Nigeria: Upper house

Senate

Nigeria: Lower house

House of Representatives