Sprowls Kahoot

How many people over the age of 20 are estimated to have heart failure and what is this number expected to rise by 2030?

6.5 million, 8 million

roughly how many cases are there each year

about 960,000

which biological sex has a higher mortality rate concerning HF, and what is the ratio concerning how many deaths HF considered to be a contributing cause?

women; 1/8 deaths

what is the classical definition of heart failure?

HF is defined as the heart’s inability, particularly the ventricles, to pump enough blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands

What are the pathologies that can accelerate the natural aging of the heart and therefore potentiate HF

ASCVD, diabetes, mitral stenosis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, thyroid disorders, MIs

What are three types of heart failure covered in this unit

RHF,LHF,HOHF

LHF is caused by what? What can this lead to?

Inability to efficiently pump blood out of the heart to the rest of the body, failing to meet metabolic demands. Fluid build-up in lungs.

Systolic LHF is characterized by and caused by what? What happens to the LV because of this?

Decreased LV contractility; MI, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis. LV becomes dilated and has increased volume.

During systolic LHF, what is the term that denotes a decrease in ejection fraction caused by faulty contractility, and what is the percentage cutoff referring to this?

HFrEF; <40%

Diastolic LHF is characterized by and caused by what? What happens to the LV because of this?

Decreased ability of LV to fill correctly. Hypertension, Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. LV becomes hypertrophied.

During diastolic LHF, what is the term that denotes a maintained ejection fraction caused by faulty contractility, and what is the percentage cutoff referring to this?

HFpEF; 50%

What are the main complications from LHF to be aware of, and what causes each?

Pulmonary congestion-increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Cardiogenic shock- malperfusion.

What is the most common, really the only major cause of systolic RHF?

MI of right ventricular myocardium

Diastolic RHF is caused by an inability of the RV to ____adequately. What are the conditions that can cause this, and by far what is the most common cause?

Fill; Pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, lung diseases (COPD, emphysema, etc) LHF

What is the physiological issue causing diastolic RHF?

RV has to overcome pulmonary after load (pressure needed to push blood into the lungs) causing hypertrophy of RV

What are the most common and major complications of RHF

Pitting edema, jugular vein distention, liver failure, ascites, septal shift

What is the root cause imparted by RHF leading to further complications

Increased central venous pressure

HOHF is cause by what

Extreme vasodilation, and body’s natural reaction to lowered BP. BP goes down, HR and SV will go up causing increased CO, but not sufficiently enough to overcome minimal TPR causes by extreme vasodilation.

The body’s natural response to decreased cardiac output will activate a continuous downward spiraling loop of compensatory mechanisms that result in what?

Cardiac remodeling