MASS

Who said people can feel a 'two-ness' in their identity?

W. E. B. Du Bois

Who talked about rationalization and a less mysterious world?

Max Weber

Who said history is a struggle between social classes?

Karl Marx

Who said social facts should be studied like things?

Émile Durkheim

How are broken folkways, mores, taboos, and laws judged?

Folkways = rude manners; Mores = morally wrong; Taboos = strongly forbidden; Laws = illegal with penalties

What is the difference between formal and informal relationships at work?

Formal = official roles, ranks, and reporting lines; Informal = friendships and unofficial personal connections

What is the difference between subculture and counterculture?

Subculture = a distinct group within mainstream society; Counterculture = a group that opposes mainstream values

In Merton's theory, which goals and means does each response accept or reject?

Conformity = accepts both; Innovation = accepts goals, rejects approved means; Ritualism = rejects goals, follows means; Retreatism = rejects both; Rebellion = replaces both

Which race measure fits police stops, test pressure, voting, college diversity, and ancestors?

Police stops = observed race; Test pressure = reflected race; Voting = racial identity; College diversity = racial self-classification; Ancestors = ancestry

How do the biomedical and social models of disability differ?

Biomedical = impairment in the individual; Social = barriers in society and lack of accessibility

How do market, redistribution, and gift systems share resources?

Market = prices and competition; Redistribution = authority collects and reallocates; Gift = reciprocal giving

How do you tell market, redistribution, and gift exchanges apart?

Market = buying and selling; Redistribution = collecting and reallocating resources, such as taxes; Gift = giving based on relationships

What do assignment, closure, and legitimation mean in social inequality?

Assignment = how social positions are given; Closure = limiting access; Legitimation = justifying inequality as fair

How do four theories explain why some countries are richer than others?

Modernization = development through markets and institutions; Dependency = unequal exchange and extraction; World-systems = core and periphery; Global capitalism = multinational firms and global rules