CDS 5170: Specific Voice Disorders Practice Flashcards

Flashcards covering differential diagnosis, auditory-perceptual assessment, functional, organic, neurogenic, and nasal resonance voice disorders based on CDS 5170 notes.

Otolaryngologist (ENT)

Medical specialist responsible for determining the voice disorder medical diagnosis through direct or indirect laryngeal visualization.

Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)

Clinician who contributes to the differential diagnosis process, conducts auditory-perceptual and acoustic/aerodynamic evaluations, and designs and implements behavioral treatment plans.

GRBAS Scale

A quick, standardized auditory-perceptual rating scale for voice where parameters are scored from 0 (Normal) to 3 (Severe/High/Extreme).

Grade (G)

The GRBAS parameter representing the overall degree of voice deviance/hoarseness.

Roughness (R)

The GRBAS parameter representing the auditory perception of irregular vocal fold vibration.

Breathiness (B)

The GRBAS parameter representing the auditory perception of air leakage through the glottis.

Asthenia (A)

The GRBAS parameter representing weakness or lack of power in the voice.

Strain (S)

The GRBAS parameter representing the auditory perception of excessive vocal effort or hyperfunction.

Diplophonia

A voice perception phenomenon where two distinct pitches are produced simultaneously.

CAMPS Protocol

A stroboscopic assessment protocol evaluating Closure (pattern/completeness), Amplitude (lateral movement extent), Mucosal Wave (tissue wave propagation), Periodicity (vibrational regularity), and Symmetry (mirror movement).

Functional Voice Disorders

Voice conditions that occur when physical examination reveals no organic vocal fold pathologies, indicating the problem stems from improper balance among respiration, phonation, and resonance.

Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD)

A functional voice condition where the mechanisms of respiration, phonation, and resonance lack proper balance despite normal organic vocal fold anatomy.

Primary MTD

Muscle tension dysphonia that occurs independently without underlying structural or neurological pathology.

Secondary MTD

Muscle tension dysphonia that develops as a compensatory mechanism in response to an underlying primary diagnosis (e.g., spasmodic dysphonia, paresis).

Ventricular Dysphonia (Dysphonia Plicae Ventricularis)

Adduction and vibration of the false (ventricular) vocal folds during phonation instead of, or in addition to, the true vocal folds.

Psychogenic Voice Disorders

Voice disorders arising from emotional stress, psychological trauma, or conflict.

Puberphonia

Continuation of a high-pitched voice post-puberty, despite normal anatomical and physiological maturation of the larynx.

Functional Aphonia

Complete loss of voice where the patient communicates primarily via whispering while maintaining normal temporal patterns of rhythm and intonation.

Functional Dysphonia

Impairment of voice quality without organic, physical, or anatomical cause, where the vocal structures remain capable of normal function.

Somatization Dysphonia

A rare psychogenic voice disorder, seen more frequently in women, characterized by laryngeal symptoms that form part of a broader array of systemic physical complaints.

Organic Voice Disorders

Voice disorders resulting from structural, anatomical, or systemic physiological changes in the laryngeal mechanism.

Laryngomalacia

Congenital collapse of the supraglottic laryngeal structures inward during inspiration, primarily causing inspiratory stridor.

Subglottic Stenosis

A rare narrowing of the airway in the subglottic space, located above the first tracheal ring and below the glottis.

Esophageal Atresia

Congenital failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous passage, terminating in a blind pouch.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

An abnormal open connection or passage between the trachea and the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Flow of gastric acid and stomach contents upward into the esophagus.

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LPRD)

Flow of gastric contents past the upper esophageal sphincter into the pharynx and larynx.

Infectious Laryngitis

Inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa accompanying an upper respiratory infection (URI).

Leukoplakia

Additive, whitish-colored precancerous patches on the surface membrane of mucosal tissue extending into the subepithelial space.

Vocal Nodules

Benign, bilateral tissue reactions to chronic frictional trauma between the vocal folds during phonation.

Stage 1 Vocal Nodule

Early development stage characterized by localized, slight reddening at the free margin of the vocal folds and dilation of submucosal blood vessels with a gelatinous, floppy appearance.

Stage 2 Vocal Nodule

Developmental stage characterized by localized swelling and early tissue thickening at the edge of the folds, appearing grayish and translucent.

Stage 3 Vocal Nodule

Mature stage where continuous trauma induces fibrotic tissue formation, appearing as hard, white or gray, bilateral nodules.

Vocal Polyps

Fluid-filled or vascular benign lesions typically located at the junction of the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of the vocal folds.

Pedunculated Polyp

A polyp attached to the vocal fold margin by a narrow, stalk-like stem.

Sessile Polyp

A broad-based polyp closely adhering directly to the vocal fold margin.

Contact Ulcer / Granuloma

An ulceration or vascular granulomatous growth occurring on the posterior laryngeal mucosa over the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages.

Laryngeal Papilloma

Wart-like, benign epithelial growths in the larynx caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Laryngeal Web

A membrane of tissue extending across the glottis from one vocal fold to the other, growing in an anterior-to-posterior direction.

Neurogenic Voice Disorders

Voice disorders stemming from localized or systemic neurological lesions that impair motor control or laryngeal innervation.

Spasmodic Dysphonia

A focal laryngeal dystonia characterized by involuntary muscular contractions during speech.

Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (Ad-SD)

A type of spasmodic dysphonia caused by extreme over-adduction of the vocal folds, resulting in a strained, strangled voice quality.

Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (Ab-SD)

A type of spasmodic dysphonia caused by involuntary vocal fold abduction during speech, resulting in sudden breathy voice breaks or transient aphonia.

Hypernasality

An excessive, undesirable amount of acoustic resonance in the nasal cavity during the production of vowels and non-nasal consonants.

Hyponasality

A complete lack of appropriate nasal resonance during the production of nasal consonants, such as /m/, /n/, and /ng/.

Assimilative Nasality

Resonance impairment occurring when nasal resonance inappropriately carries over onto oral vowels adjacent to nasal consonants.