Technologies in eyecare

OD 516 (I think)

Date of first trials lens set

1843 AD invented by George Fronmuller

Who Invented the First Ophthalmoscope

Herman Von Helmholtz

What Does the Ophthalmoscope Do?

Allows examination of the interior structures of the eye, aiding in Dx of the various eye conditions.

Function of Trial Lens Set

Used for Subjective Refraction to determine best correction

Keratometer function

Measures the Cornea’s curvature/shape

Who invented the Keratometer

Hermin Von Helmholtz in 1853

Purpose of Snellen Chart

Standardized chart to find visual acuities

Snellen chart date of invention?

1862

Keratoscopie

First Objective Dx of refractive error using simple mirror ophthalmoscope

Fundus Photos

Used to take pictures of the back of the eye to moniter and give Dx.

Jackman and Webster

invented Fundus Photos in 1886

Schoitz Tonometer

Used to messure IOP using plunger loaded with weights to indent the cornea.

Slit Lamp

Invented in 1911. It gives us the ability to exmin the Anterior part of the eye in great detail (cornea, anterior chamber, lens)

Phoro-Optometry (Phoropter)

Used to measure refractive errors and determine correct Rx for cc

Fundus Camera

1926, first comercially available camera to take images of retina.

Streak Retinascope

Projects a beam of light into the eye to asses the refractive error and determine the need for cc in an OBJECTIVE way.

Goldman Perimetry

Tests Visual Fields, considered the “gold standard” for visual field testing because of its high sensativity and specificity.

1985

Significant legislature changes expanded the scope of practice for optometry. 28 were allowed therapeutics and 48 were allowed diagnostics.

What is the most important tool to use in an eye examination?

YOU

What tools are considered to be “Necessary” for an eye exam

Charting System, VA system, Refraction (Trial lens, Retinoscope, Phoropter, Lensometer), External Evaluation (Slit lamp biomicroscope, Goldman tonometer, Transilluminator), Internal evaluation (Direct Ophthalmoscope, Binocular indirect Ophthalmoscope)

Ancillary

Supplemental equipment that helps but is not strictly necessary. Considered “special testing”.

Ancillary Equipment

Topographer, Visual field, Optical coherence, Tomography, OCT-Angiography, Ocular Ultra-sound (A/B scans), Pachymeter, Slit lamp camera, Fundus camera, OPTOS, Meibography, Thermal treatments, Light Based treatments

Bowl Perimetry

Gold standard for visual fields

B-scan

Behind the eye ultra sound

A-scan

Axial length

Topography Vs Tomography

Topography is just the colored graph that sort of shows a 2 dementional surface of the cornea while Tomography is a bunch of extra stuff.