UTI - pedia

What is a UTI?

Infection anywhere along the urinary tract, including: Cystitis: Bladder infection (lower UTI). Pyelonephritis: Infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis (upper UTI). Renal abscess: Intrarenal or perinephric infection. The urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.

UTI is an infection anywhere along the urinary tract, including: ?????

Infection anywhere along the urinary tract, including: Cystitis: Bladder infection (lower UTI). Pyelonephritis: Infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis (upper UTI). Renal abscess: Intrarenal or perinephric infection. The urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.

UTI is an infection anywhere along the ________________________________, including: ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Infection anywhere along the urinary tract, including: Cystitis: Bladder infection (lower UTI). Pyelonephritis: Infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis (upper UTI). Renal abscess: Intrarenal or perinephric infection. The urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.

What is cystitis?

Bladder infection (lower UTI).

Cystitis is ?????

Bladder infection (lower UTI).

Cystitis is a ________________________________.

Bladder infection (lower UTI).

What is pyelonephritis?

Infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis (upper UTI).

Pyelonephritis is ?????

Infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis (upper UTI).

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Infection of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis (upper UTI).

What is a renal abscess?

Intrarenal or perinephric infection.

A renal abscess is ?????

Intrarenal or perinephric infection.

A renal abscess is an ________________________________ or ________________________________ infection.

Intrarenal or perinephric infection.

What is the most common organism causing first UTIs?

Escherichia coli (most common ~85% of first UTIs).

The most common organism causing first UTIs is ?????

Escherichia coli (most common ~85% of first UTIs).

The most common organism causing first UTIs is ________________________________, accounting for approximately ________________________________ of first UTIs.

Escherichia coli (most common ~85% of first UTIs).

What are other organisms that can cause UTIs?

Proteus (more associated with stones and uncircumcised boys), Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls).

Other organisms that can cause UTIs include ?????

Proteus (more associated with stones and uncircumcised boys), Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls).

Other organisms that can cause UTIs include ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Proteus (more associated with stones and uncircumcised boys), Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls).

Which organism is more associated with stones and uncircumcised boys?

Proteus.

Proteus is more associated with ?????

Proteus is more associated with stones and uncircumcised boys.

Proteus is more associated with ________________________________ and ________________________________.

Proteus is more associated with stones and uncircumcised boys.

Which organism causes ≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls?

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls).

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes ?????

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls).

Staphylococcus saprophyticus causes ≥ ________________________________ of UTIs in ________________________________.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (≥ 15% of UTIs in adolescent girls).

What does Staphylococcus aureus in a UTI suggest?

Staphylococcus aureus is uncommon; it suggests hematogenous spread.

Staphylococcus aureus in a UTI is ?????

Staphylococcus aureus is uncommon; it suggests hematogenous spread.

Staphylococcus aureus is ________________________________ in UTIs and suggests ________________________________ spread.

Staphylococcus aureus is uncommon; it suggests hematogenous spread.

How common are viral UTIs?

Viral UTIs are rare.

Viral UTIs are ?????

Viral UTIs are rare.

Viral UTIs are ________________________________.

Viral UTIs are rare.

What is the normal state of the urinary tract and urine?

The urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.

The urinary tract and urine are normally ?????

The urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.

The urinary tract and urine are normally ________________________________.

The urinary tract and urine are normally sterile.

What is the prevalence of UTIs in girls by age 5?

3-6% by age 5 (peaks during infancy and toilet training).

The prevalence of UTIs in girls by age 5 is ?????

3-6% by age 5 (peaks during infancy and toilet training).

UTIs occur in ________________________________ of girls by age 5, with peaks during ________________________________ and ________________________________.

3-6% by age 5 (peaks during infancy and toilet training).

What is the prevalence of UTIs in boys during the first year of life?

1-2% in the first year of life.

The prevalence of UTIs in boys during the first year of life is ?????

1-2% in the first year of life.

UTIs occur in ________________________________ of boys during the ________________________________.

1-2% in the first year of life.

How much higher is the risk of UTI in uncircumcised infant boys?

~10-fold higher risk.

Uncircumcised infant boys have a ????? risk of UTI.

~10-fold higher risk.

Uncircumcised infant boys have a ________________________________ higher risk of UTI.

~10-fold higher risk.

After 1 year, in whom are UTIs more common?

After 1 year, UTIs are more common in girls.

After 1 year, UTIs are more common in ?????

After 1 year, UTIs are more common in girls.

After 1 year, UTIs are more common in ________________________________.

After 1 year, UTIs are more common in girls.

What is the bacterial virulence risk factor for UTI?

E. coli; P-pilli facilitate adhesion to urothelium.

Bacterial virulence increases UTI risk because ?????

E. coli; P-pilli facilitate adhesion to urothelium.

Bacterial virulence increases UTI risk because ________________________________ facilitate ________________________________.

E. coli; P-pilli facilitate adhesion to urothelium.

What is the female anatomy risk factor for UTI?

Short urethra.

Female anatomy is a risk factor for UTI because of ?????

Short urethra.

Female anatomy is a risk factor for UTI because of a ________________________________.

Short urethra.

Why are uncircumcised males at increased risk of UTI?

More periurethral colonization.

Uncircumcised males have increased UTI risk because of ?????

More periurethral colonization.

Uncircumcised males have increased UTI risk because of ________________________________.

More periurethral colonization.

What is the mechanism by which VUR increases UTI risk?

Retrograde flow from bladder to ureters.

VUR increases UTI risk because of ?????

Retrograde flow from bladder to ureters.

VUR causes ________________________________ from ________________________________ to ________________________________.

Retrograde flow from bladder to ureters.

How does voiding dysfunction increase the risk of UTI?

Incomplete emptying.

Voiding dysfunction increases UTI risk because of ?????

Incomplete emptying.

Voiding dysfunction causes ________________________________.

Incomplete emptying.

How common are renal anomalies in children with UTI?

Present in 10-15% of children with UTI.

Renal anomalies are ????? in children with UTI.

Present in 10-15% of children with UTI.

Renal anomalies are present in ________________________________ of children with UTI.

Present in 10-15% of children with UTI.

What are the risk factors for UTI?

Urinary obstruction/stasis; congenital urinary tract anomalies; catheterization; nephrolithiasis; constipation; dysfunctional voiding/withholding urine; neurogenic bladder.

The risk factors for UTI include ?????

Urinary obstruction/stasis; congenital urinary tract anomalies; catheterization; nephrolithiasis; constipation; dysfunctional voiding/withholding urine; neurogenic bladder.

Risk factors for UTI include ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Urinary obstruction/stasis; congenital urinary tract anomalies; catheterization; nephrolithiasis; constipation; dysfunctional voiding/withholding urine; neurogenic bladder.

What is a risk factor for UTI related to impaired urine flow?

Urinary obstruction/stasis.

A risk factor for UTI related to impaired urine flow is ?????

Urinary obstruction/stasis.

A risk factor for UTI related to impaired urine flow is ________________________________.

Urinary obstruction/stasis.

What congenital condition can increase the risk of UTI?

Congenital urinary tract anomalies.

Congenital ????? can increase the risk of UTI.

Congenital urinary tract anomalies.

_______________________________ can increase the risk of UTI.

Congenital urinary tract anomalies.

How does catheterization affect the risk of UTI?

Catheterization is a risk factor for UTI.

Catheterization is ????? for UTI.

Catheterization is a risk factor for UTI.

_______________________________ is a risk factor for UTI.

Catheterization is a risk factor for UTI.

What urinary condition involving stones is a risk factor for UTI?

Nephrolithiasis.

????? is a risk factor for UTI.

Nephrolithiasis.

_______________________________ is a risk factor for UTI.

Nephrolithiasis.

What gastrointestinal condition is a risk factor for UTI?

Constipation.

????? is a risk factor for UTI.

Constipation.

_______________________________ is a risk factor for UTI.

Constipation.

What voiding problems are risk factors for UTI?

Dysfunctional voiding/withholding urine.

????? are risk factors for UTI.

Dysfunctional voiding/withholding urine.

_______________________________ is a risk factor for UTI.

Dysfunctional voiding/withholding urine.

What bladder disorder is a risk factor for UTI?

Neurogenic bladder.

????? is a risk factor for UTI.

Neurogenic bladder.

_______________________________ is a risk factor for UTI.

Neurogenic bladder.

What are the clinical manifestations of UTI in neonates (<1 month)?

Nonspecific: Fever, hypothermia, poor feeding, vomiting, failure to thrive, jaundice, lethargy/sepsis, irritability.

Clinical manifestations of UTI in neonates (<1 month) are ?????

Nonspecific: Fever, hypothermia, poor feeding, vomiting, failure to thrive, jaundice, lethargy/sepsis, irritability.

Clinical manifestations of UTI in neonates (<1 month) are ________________________________: ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Nonspecific: Fever, hypothermia, poor feeding, vomiting, failure to thrive, jaundice, lethargy/sepsis, irritability.

What are the nonspecific clinical manifestations of UTI in neonates (<1 month)?

Fever, hypothermia, poor feeding, vomiting, failure to thrive, jaundice, lethargy/sepsis, irritability.

The nonspecific clinical manifestations of UTI in neonates (<1 month) include ?????

Fever, hypothermia, poor feeding, vomiting, failure to thrive, jaundice, lethargy/sepsis, irritability.

Neonates with UTI may have ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Fever, hypothermia, poor feeding, vomiting, failure to thrive, jaundice, lethargy/sepsis, irritability.

What are the clinical manifestations of UTI in infants (1 month-2 years)?

Fever (most common), vomiting/diarrhea, poor feeding, irritability, failure to thrive, strong smelling urine, abdominal pain (may masquerade as GI illness).

Clinical manifestations of UTI in infants (1 month-2 years) include ?????

Fever (most common), vomiting/diarrhea, poor feeding, irritability, failure to thrive, strong smelling urine, abdominal pain (may masquerade as GI illness).

Infants (1 month-2 years) with UTI may have ________________________________ (most common), ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, ________________________________, and ________________________________.

Fever (most common), vomiting/diarrhea, poor feeding, irritability, failure to thrive, strong smelling urine, abdominal pain (may masquerade as GI illness).

What is the most common clinical manifestation of UTI in infants (1 month-2 years)?

Fever.

The most common clinical manifestation of UTI in infants (1 month-2 years) is ?????

Fever.

The most common clinical manifestation of UTI in infants (1 month-2 years) is ________________________________.

Fever.

How may abdominal pain present in infants with UTI?

It may masquerade as GI illness.