lab 8 plant structure

label the plant

a- apical bud

b- axillary bud

c- stem

d- flower

e- leaf blade

f- petiolle

leaf( blade+ petiole)

large surface area for photosynthesis

stem

supports leaves and flowers, moves water and sugars between roots and shoots

flowers

reproductive structures

bud

undeveloped tissue that grows into leaves

apical- tip/apex

axillary- means “armpit”

shoots

photosynthesis and reproduction

roots

absorb water and nutrients from the soil, sotre food

domestication

humans domesticated crops from wild animals

plant growth

plants have indeterminate growth(growth throughout life)

apical meristems→ primary growth

• growth in lengths, occurs at tips of stems and roots

pattern of plant growth

cells divide, enlarge, and then specialize

function of root cap

protection

what is this

coleus stem tip

label the coleus

a- leaf primordia

b- apical meristem

c- bud primordia

plant cell walls

major component of cellulose

primary cell wall

• all plant cells

• thin, expands during growth of cell

secondary cell wall

• only some cells

• inside primary cell wall

• thick- multiple layers of cellulose and lignin

• strong and rigid

central vacuole

• organelle inside plants

• stores water

simple tissues

• parenchyma cells

• collenchyma cells

• sclerenchyma cells( sclerids and fibers)

parenchyma cells

simple tissue

• storage and photosynthesis

• cell is ALIVE

• have large vacuoles

• thin primary cell wall

collenchyma

• simple tissue

• unevenly thick cell walls

• function is flexible suppport of growing stems and leaves

sclrenchyma

• simple tissue

• thick secondary cell wall

• cell is DEAD

2 SHAPES

• sclereids- short and irregular (fruits, nuts)

• fibers elongated(stems)

complex tissue

• dermal system (parenchyma cells and guard cells)

• vascular system (xylem and phloem)

• ground system (parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma)

3 complex tissue systems

• based on function and position

1. dermal

2. vascular

3. ground

dermal

• complex tissue

• forms outer protective covering

• single layer, called epidermis

• parenchyma is main cell type of tissue

label syringa leaf

a- stoma

b- guard cells

c- parenchyma

vascular

complex tissue

2 types: xylem- dead at maturity, larger

phloem- alive at maturity, smaller

ground

made of parenchyma

what is this

celery

label

a- parenchyma

b- vascular bundles

c- collenchyma

what is this

potato

• leucoplasts

what is this

pear

what is this

leaf epidermis

monocots vs diacots

m- 1 cotyledon, vascular bundles scattered

d- 2 cotyledon, vasuclar bundles in a ring

what is this

dicot root

dicot root

a- epidermis

b- phloem

c- endodermis

d- ground

e- xylem

what is this

dicot leaf

label dicot leaf

a,b- epidermis

c,h- collenchyma

d- phloem

e- stoma, with guard cells

f- mesophyll

g- xylem

what is this

dicot stem

label this

a- vascular bundle

b- xylem

c- phloem

d- sclenchyma

what is this

monocot stem

label this

a-ground tissue

b- epidermis

c- vascular bundles

growth rings

result from growth foo xylem at different times of year

• spring wood=larger diameter cells

• summer wood= smaller diameter cells

- there is no fall or winter because there is a lack of water to make new xylem

what foods are roots?

sweet potato, carrots

stems

potato, broccoli

what foods are leaves

onions

what foods are petioles

cellery

what foods are flowers

peas

what foods are buds?

brussel sprouts, cabbage, broccoli

fruits

peanuts