DW Honors Unit 5: Nationalism and Democracy (1790–1914) Q&A Flashcards

What year did the Congress of Vienna convene to redraw Europe's political boundaries?

1815

Who directed the Congress of Vienna?

Prince Klemens von Metternich

What two paramount objectives were pursued during the Congress of Vienna?

Legitimacy and Balance of Power

What ideology posed an existential threat to monarchical authority during the Congress of Vienna?

Nationalism and representative democracy

What did the principle of Legitimacy aim to restore in Europe?

Restoring Europe to its pre-1789 geopolitical state by reinstating traditional monarchs.

What was the primary goal of the Balance of Power established at the Congress of Vienna?

To prevent any single nation from achieving military or geopolitical hegemony.

In which years did Serbia gain autonomy from the Ottoman Empire?

Between 1804 and 1817, with formal recognition in 1830.

When did Greece achieve its independence from Ottoman rule?

1830

What was the Principle of Intervention established by the Concert of Europe?

The right of signatory powers to intervene in other states to restore monarchs and suppress revolutions.

What was the political outcome of the Revolutions of 1830 in France?

Installation of a constitutional monarchy under Louis Philippe.

What significant event led to widespread uprisings in Europe in 1848?

Economic recession and rising discontent under Louis Philippe's government.

What was the National Workshops established during the French Revolution of 1848?

State-funded public works employment for the unemployed.

What was the result of the June Days uprising in 1848?

A violent rebellion by the working class suppressed by military forces.

Who was declared Emperor of France after the events of the 1848 Revolution?

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.

What ideology emphasizes the sovereignty of a nation based on shared culture and history?

Nationalism.

Which two national heroes fought for independence in Latin America?

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.

What sparked the Haitian Revolution in 1791?

Inspired by the French Revolution, enslaved people rebelled against their oppression.

Which social class in Spanish Latin America was composed of European-born Spaniards?

Peninsulares.

What phrase did Father Miguel Hidalgo use to call for Mexican independence?

Grito de Dolores.

What happened to Emperor Agustín de Iturbide in 1823?

He was overthrown by liberal military commanders.

What was the significance of the year 1861 in Italian unification?

It marked the proclamation of the unified Kingdom of Italy under Victor Emmanuel II.

Who was the primary leader of Italian Unification alongside Count Cavour?

Giuseppe Garibaldi.

In what year did King Wilhelm I of Prussia become Kaiser of the German Empire?

1871.

What was Realpolitik?

A pragmatic political philosophy used by Bismarck focusing on concrete interests.

What major conflict contributed to the collapse of the Concert of Europe?

The Crimean War.