Personality Disorders

Types of personality disorders

Cluster A

Cluster B

Cluster c

Cluster A personality disorder

Odd/eccentric behaviors

• Paranoid personality disorder

• Schizoid personality disorder

• Schizotypal personality disorders

Schizoid personality disorder

Detachment form social relationships

Restriction in interpersonal relationships

Schizotypal personality disorder

Pervasive pattern of social interpersonal deficits

Acute discomfort for close relationships

Cluster B disorders

Erratic/dramatic behaviors

• Antisocial

• Borderline

• Histrionic

• Narcissistic

Antisocial disorder

Disregard and violation of rights of others

Borderline personality disorder

Pattern of toxic relationships, self-image, impulsivity, and self-mutilation

Excessive drugs/alcohol

Fear of abandonment/rejection

Histrionic personality disorder

Excessive emotionality

Dramatic

Attention-seeking

Desire to be noticed/the center of attention

Narcissistic disorder

Pervasive pattern of grandiosity

Need for admiration

Lack of empathy

Can’t accept feedback/criticism

Cluster C personality disorders

Anxious/fearful

• Avoidant

• Dependent

• Obsessive

Avoidant personality disorder

Social discomfort

Low self-esteem

Hypersensitive to negative evaluation

Dependant personality disorder

Needs to be taken care of

Submissive

Clingy behavior

Obsessive personality disorder

Perfectionism

Personal/interpersonal control

Orderliness

Etiology of personality disorders

Biologic → temperament

Psychodynamic → character

Nursing tx for paranoid

Formal/business like approach

Involve pt in care plan

Validate idea before acting

Nursing tx for schizoid

Focus on improved functioning

Greater chance to succeed if relate their needs to one person

Nursing tx schizotypal

Focus on self-care and social skills

Encourage daily routines

Identify appropriate outlets to discuss unusual beliefs

Nursing tx antisocial

Promoting responsible behavior → boundaries, confrontation

Emotion control → time out

Improve role performance

Splitting

Symptom of borderline personality disorder

Seeing everything in black/white → reacting to things like different people

Nursing tx for borderline personality disorder

Safety → stop self-harm

Limit setting

Strict boundaries

Coping, emotion control

Cognitive restructuring

Nursing tx of histrionic personality disorder

Feedback about social interactions

Role-playing → practice social skills

Nursing tx of narcissitic personality disorder

Self-awareness skills to avoid anger and frustration

Matter-of-fact approach

Limit setting

Nursing tx for avoidant personality disorder

Self-affirmations/positive talk

Reframing/decatastrophizing

Social skills

Nursing tx of dependent personality disorder

Assistance in expressing grief/loss

Daily-functioning

Teach problem-solving

Nursing tx of obsessive personality disorder

Different perspective on decision-making

Cognitive restructuring

Risk-taking

Age when personality disorders are diagnosed

NOT diagnosed until 18 yo

but observable through childhood and adolescence

Older adults with personality disorders

Higher risk for depression, dementia, and suicide

Anosognosia

Lack of insight

Unaware/cannot perceive accurately their own mental health