Homeschool Psych 2nd edition chapter 3

Worldview

Naturalism is the ——— assumption that marks the difference between old and new psychology

Rationalist

Descartes believed that our physical senses were less trustworthy than reason. He was a ————

deductive reasoning

Descartes used —————- which involves beginning from a premise or truth that is certain and deducting one conclusion from another.

Conarium

Descartes believed that physical and spiritual connected at the———— now known as the pineal gland.

the reflex arc

Descartes' cycle of sensations travelling through the body to where animal spirits were released. The animal spirits traveled back to the body along causing muscles to inflate. The cycle came to be known as ......

Psychoanalytic approach

Which approach to psychology emphasises unconscious processes?

Moral relativism

—— is a worldview in which standards of behavior are based on some temporal framework of values and beliefs and not any absolutes.

Humanism

The philosophy that describes a set of principles for living a fulfilled life.

Cognitive

———- psychologists emphasize the ways we acquire and process information and

construct meaning from the world.

Self-actualization

——— means achieving personal fulfillment and full potential.

Reductive

——— means that mental structures and behaviors consist of ever simpler component structures and behaviors.

Williams James

Who was known as the father of American psychology?

Humanistic

————- psychology, known as psychology's "Third Force," emphasises human autonomy and potential.

Ultimate cause

———- refers to the "why" of behavior and mental processes.

Proximate cause

The mechanics of a behavior or cognitive process - what happens and how?

Functionalists

——— focused on discovering the survival and reproductive advantages

Wilhelm Wundt

founder of scientific psychology

Structuralism

an early approach to psychology interested in describing mental

experiences in terms of complex structures made from increasingly simpler component structures.

introspection

The structuralists' goal was to identify the elements of mental experiences by ...

Phrenology

A "science" that suggested the shape of a persons skull was an indicator to character and personality

empiricism

A rigid belief that only by controlled experimentation can one know things with certainty is known as ....

inductive reasoning

Francis Bacon's philosophy is called empiricism. Its method is known as:

dualist

Descartes believed that Mankind consisted of both a material and non-material nature.

Descartes was a(n) .......