Psych ab ch 5

anxiety, 125

is future oriented negative mood state, that is charactierized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future

Anxiety Disorders include

• Panic disorder

• Agoraphobia

• Generalized anxiety disorder

• Social anxiety disorder

• Specific phobia

• Selective mutism

• Separation anxiety disorder

fear, 126

intense emotional alarm accompanied by a surge of energy in the sympathetic nervous system that motivates us to flee from danger.

panic, 126

An overwhelming reaction, usually of fear

panic attack, 126

an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms that usually include heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and, possibly, dizziness.

They can be expected and unexpected

Darnell

Severe Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia)

Ashlyn

Had a panic attack, felt like dying

behavioral inhibition system

is activated by signals from the brain stem of unexpected events, such as major changes in body functioning that might signal danger.

fight/flight system (FFS), 128

an automatic physiological survival reaction that primes the body to confront or flee from a perceived threat

generalized anxiety disorder

focuses on minor, everyday events and not on one major worry or concern.

◗ Both genetic and psychological vulnerabilities seem to contribute to the development

most comorbid

Meds - Benzodiazapianes - fast acting short term (1-2 weeks)

Tanisa

Had GAD, dropped classes because she was scared of failing, but also scared with food, bf, life

agoraphobia and treatment

a fear and avoidance of situations considered to be “unsafe”
Marketplace and leaving home
Pre-fear of having a panic attack with no one to help them

Therapeutically supervised exposure to feared situations is most effective.

mostly female

panic control treatment

concentrates on exposing patients to clusters of sensations that remind them of their panic attacks.

Mrs M

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia

specific phobia, 145

the fear is focused on a particular object or situation.

◗ Phobias can be acquired by experiencing some traumatic event; they can also be learned vicariously or even be taught.

◗ Treatment of phobias is rather straightforward, with a focus on structured and consistent exposure-based exercises.

blood–injection–injury

anxiety disorder marked by intense, irrational fear and physical distress triggered by the sight or anticipation of blood, injuries, or medical injections

phobia, 146

An irrational, persistent, and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that leads to compelling desires to avoid it.

situational phobia, 146

A subtype of specific phobia characterized by fear of public transportation or enclosed spaces such as planes, elevators, or small rooms.

natural environment phobia,

A subtype of specific phobia involving fear of events or situations occurring in nature, such as heights, storms, or water.

animal phobia, 147

A subtype of specific phobia involving an unreasonable fear of animals or insects.

separation anxiety disorder, 151

A condition characterized by excessive, unrealistic fear or worry about being separated from major attachment figures.

social anxiety disorder

Extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations where one might be evaluated or embarrassed.

social phobia, 151

involving intense anxiety triggered by social interactions or performance settings.

Selective Mutism

Rare childhood disorder lack of speech
Cannot happen first month of school

Traumatic exposure

Experiencing or witnessing event like death or secual abuse

Learning or hearing about a traumatic event

Ongoing exposure to events (for job, fire fighter…)

posttraumatic stress disorder

An enduring emotional disturbance following exposure to a severe trauma, marked by intrusive memories, hyperarousal, and emotional numbing.

SSRIs can be helpful

PTSD disorders include

Acute stress disorder

• Adjustment disorders

• Reactive attachment disorder

• Disinhibited social engagement disorder

VERB ***Factors affecting the likelihood of PTSD***

Features of the

TRAUMA

• Intensity of exposure

to the trauma

• Duration of exposure

to trauma

• Extent of threat posed

by trauma

• Nature of the trauma

human

natural disaster

Features of the

PERSON

• Pre-trauma psychological adjustment

• Family history of psychopathology

• Cognitive and coping styles

• Feeling of guilt

acute stress disorder, 158

A transient, severe reaction that occurs immediately following a traumatic event, featuring symptoms similar to PTSD that resolve within a month.

prolonged grief disorder

A condition characterized by persistent, pervasive grief and severe distress that significantly impairs daily functioning long after a loss.

adjustment disorders, 164

Psychological reactions to identifiable life stressors that cause emotional or behavioral symptoms out of proportion to the stressor's severity.

attachment disorders, 165

Developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children marked by severe disruption in forming normal attachments to caregivers.

reactive attachment

A disorder in which a child rarely turns to a caregiver for comfort, support, or protection due to severe early neglect or institutional care.

Disinhibited Social Engagement disorder, 165

A condition in which a child shows a pattern of abnormally indiscriminate behavior and lack of hesitation when interacting with unfamiliar adults.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A mental health condition characterized by recurrent, intrusive thoughts accompanied by repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to relieve anxiety.

Anxiety —> compulsion
Both men and women are affected equally

OCD disorders include

Hoarding disorder

• Body dysmorphic disorder

• Trichotillomania

• Excoriation

obsessions, 165

Persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that cause significant anxiety or distress.

compulsions, 165

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules.

TIC disorder

• Involuntary movements (e.g.

sudden jerking of limbs, movement

of jaw, etc)

• Often co-occurs in patients with

OCD

• Sometimes tics are used as

compulsive behaviors – performed

to relieve anxiety associated with

obsessions

Tourette syndrome

Two or more motor tics plus

One vocal tic

• For more than one year

Just motor or just vocal tic would be tic disorder
combined is tourettes

body dysmorphic disorder

A disorder involving a distressing preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are unnoticeable or minor to others.

Hoarding disorder

Excessively collecting and keeping items with minimal value, leading

to cluttering and disruption of living space
men and women affected equally

trichotillomania, 174

An impulse-control disorder characterized by the recurrent pulling out of one's own hair, resulting in hair loss and functional impairment.

excoriation, 175

A condition marked by repetitive and compulsive skin picking that leads to skin lesions and significant distress.