Art History 105

vassar college! post-midterm content

hypostyle hall

double arches like damascus and roman aqueducts-lower row are horsehoe bc visigoths

each successor added to the building

most extensive expansion added private space private space for him w/polylobed arches

Maqsura-private space for ruler near mihrab

hypostyle hall

double arches like damascus and roman aqueducts-lower row are horsehoe bc visigoths

each successor added to the building

most extensive expansion added private space private space for him w/polylobed arches

Maqsura-private space for ruler near mihrab

ppl don’t love bc it doesn’t benefit them

six artists designed bc wow he has control and its ivory

intricate style w/polylobed medallions

war-like message-man fights beast

quartz is hella hard to carve and had to be hollowed out

very pretty and unique, magical properties (neutralize poison)

strong bird of prey attacks weak gazelle bc he has a strong army and enemies are weak

deep indigo blue parchment bc status

gold lettering and calligraphy is not really for reading

basilica plan with central hallway (nave)

byzantine gold mosaics with images of holy figures

fatimid wooden painted ceiling-band of arabic calligraphy

built by normans before co-ruled by byzantines and fatimids

muqarnas-3D decorative device that creates transition btwn diff architectural zones

king of norman society

wooden core, covered with gold, studded with gems

cavity and door to hold relics

base of head from roman statue? no interest in naturalism

demanded gold from visitors

statue came to represent her and would visit ppl as either herself or the statue

so popular death by trampling

young orphan girl known for her miracles-especially healing blind and releasing prisoners

holy theft-took her body to bring in visitors and money-justified bc if she didn’t want them to move her her bones would be too heavy to move

barrel vaults

hierarchy of scale-christ huge and in center

literally weighin souls of the dead

left side is clean and heavenly

right side is hell with torture

st foy communes with god and releases prisoners

elongated and flattened christ, central and large

elongated angels and apostles-bc heavenly and not human

scales again

lower line of ppl waiting-good ones (esp pilgrims) are pleasantly waiting while bad ones are anguished

tomb of st james

foggy and mountains (many die) adds to power and emotion

on doorway:

-angels hold up instruments of christ’s death

-painted

-central and big christ-more naturalistic and nearly fully 3D

on center pole of doorway-figure of st. James

and spot where ppl touch a lot

basilica with radiating chapels

barrel vaults and thick walls

shells near beach become symbol of pilgrimage

abbott suger inherits church but old so commissions new

gothic name is negative bc goths tore down rome

wanted to put as much holy light as possible

thick walls, longitude, large stained glass windows, pointed arches, ribbed walls, flying buttresses

creates taller space, more light, more space for stained glass

abbott suger inherits church but old so commissions new

gothic name is negative bc goths tore down rome

wanted to put as much holy light as possible

thick walls, longitude, large stained glass windows, pointed arches, ribbed walls, flying buttresses

creates taller space, more light, more space for stained glass

abbott suger inherits church but old so commissions new

gothic name is negative bc goths tore down rome

wanted to put as much holy light as possible

thick walls, longitude, large stained glass windows, pointed arches, ribbed walls, flying buttresses

creates taller space, more light, more space for stained glass

annunciation (mary learns she is carrying christ)

suger puts himself into the scene

massive and imposing, projections and recessions

flying buttresses solve issue of weak point where arch hits wall

they dont add bulk tho so keep the light

make it a skeletal like structure

rayonnant style-not as tall, even more light, walls of windows=jewelbox, glimmering colors

ornamental stonework

rose windows-circular windows divided into segments and articulated by tracery

tracery-thin bars and ribs of stone in windows (or on walls)

Louis IX bought crown of thorns from constantinople to make Paris=sacred site

2 floors-lower has lower ceilings, upper is huge and fully glass basically

monumental reliquery

ribbed vault-intersection of two pointed arches-weight only in corner so room for windows and thinner walls

rayonnant style-not as tall, even more light, walls of windows=jewelbox, glimmering colors

ornamental stonework

rose windows-circular windows divided into segments and articulated by tracery

tracery-thin bars and ribs of stone in windows (or on walls)

Louis IX bought crown of thorns from constantinople to make Paris=sacred site

2 floors-lower has lower ceilings, upper is huge and fully glass basically

monumental reliquery

ribbed vault-intersection of two pointed arches-weight only in corner so room for windows and thinner walls

more naturalistic but idealized

tilts hipd forward and lifts spine backwards

connection btwn the figures

ivory adds symbol of purivty and virginity

delicate gold paint-pseudo-arabic script (quality)

perpendicular gothic-strong vertical lines-longest lasting style in england

queen overthrows husband (edward) for son, tomb in church

eventually edward popular again and church promotes this popularity for $$

lines of stone cross vertically across walls and windows

style of vassar library

viewed from any side when on table

info on tides, time at night, etc

rich gold ruler-mansa musa possibly richest ever approached by guy on camel (n. african trader)

musa=king of mali which is rich in gold and ivory, trades for rock salt

musa does pilgrimage to mecca but like a rich person would

not a ruler

more naturalistic

imported copper (traded for huge ivory and ostrich feathers)

naturalistic yet sense of serenity

king (ooni) wears headdress, painted red, would’ve been adorned with beads

ooni=direct descendents of god (sent son as first ruler)

attached beads of beards or veils-status bc ooni have such strong ase (energy) that if they don’t cover their mouths they harm their subjects

parallel lines of face-status? ritualistic scarring?

11 churches excavated out of sloid rock, underground'

subterranean tunnels connect

meant to emulate jerusalem

ethiopia=second fully christian country

cross shaped-trace perimeter and dig down, then hollow out interior

greek cross-plan-square center, 4 arms of equal length

stringcourse-decorative horizontal band on exterior of building windows and decor on walls

3 projecting porticos

string courses

some articulation near windows

2 aisle basilica

interior painted-geometric patterns-stars crosses suns

some narrative stories of christ

very dark inside bc few windows and its still kinda underground but candles

small and handheld-daily use and portable

sculptural and leaning bodies

grisaille-painting method using only grey tones

illumination-painted decoration in manuscript

image of her reading the book-made for descendants too so they remember to pray for her

similar as artist was inspired by pucello (multiple artists worked on it, poss his daughter)

bonne and husband kneel in front on christ on cross

animals tucked in patterned background and margins

3 living 3 dead-stages of decay and stages of acceptance-confront idea of death

died of plague-with plague either isolate or live life to fullest

catherine included

included office of the dead-prayers to be read when dying and after death-aid souls in purgatory-next page shows success of moving out of purgatory

written in first person

son plots and steals from dying father-mix of sins

skeletons-arms locked with living ppl

carve stamps into wood-many copies

affects everyone-monks, popes, sinners, shepherds, pilgrims-death is equalizer

skeletons play instruments for others to dance to

new series with women

largest in all of medieval euro at time

made during plague

¼ of monks died

perpendicular gothic style

mullion-vertical elements that divides panes of window, decor or functional

fan vaulting-very decorative

place for reading and contemplation-built in desks

125 buildings

pilgrimage site

unvarnished, unpainted cyprus wood-super simple to stay near nature

no power tools or nails to decrease human intervention-shinto ideals

cannot enter inner and outer shrines so kami aren’t subjected to impure humans-partial concealment/sacred hiddenness

gov ensure that shinto and buddhism exist together

upturned eaves/hip and gable roof-combines 2 western techniques to help with water damage and point toward enlightenment of buddha

used as storage-housed 1000s of luxury secular objects-5% are diplomatic gifts from international audience

shells from south china sea

roman inspired?

persian diplomatic gifts

age of the (15) plagues-peasants hate and rebel (also bc rich ppl don’t pay taxes) so oligarchs take over and make emperor a figurehead

oligarchs buy luxury villas and convert to buddhist temples

gendered spaces-outside is worldly and male, inner and inwards and female

uniquely japanese subject-buddha descends on the people

beginnings of yamato-e, adapts chinese style but adds pine trees and rolling hills bc japan

genji is male protag of the story, goes on 47 dates but story focuses on women’s emotions (written by a woman of the court)

fukinuki yatai-perspective with no rooves/walls-viewer intrudes on intimate scenes

special dividers-screens, sliding doors-behind which are super intimate scenes

no diff in facial features and never fully visible-hidden in layers of clothing

onna-e female painting

no rooves, mostly outdoors

men have individual characteristics, overall detailed

action packed narrative

nice monk sends food to impoverished areas but landlord steals so buddha sends the grainery flying away

tsukuri-e japanese style with 3 steps, 1-master artist makes outlines and labels colors, 2-assistants color it in broad strokes, 3-master decides which outlines to paint back in

male paintings generally more defined and precise, often “weirdly” cropped-partial concealment

xi-didnt have to pass imperial service exams, 1st ever art critic in china

floating perspective/angle of totality-rejects using one angle bc this is lazy, so is color

monochrome ink and brushwork-diff shapes and opacity

very small human figures

painters also have to do admin work which they hate so disillusioned

scattered/horizontal perspective-panoramic

celebration of economy-man-made river, invested in making it

840 figures-diff jobs, classes, everyday workers

starts with nature then man-made

he ignores making policy to paint, takes over controlling all paintings

switches style to flat and colorful decorative painting bc he sucks at painting

palace covered by clouds, cranes above (longevity bc he fears a coup)

northern tribes annex their land but he ignores it

political propaganda bc cranes are sent from heaven so hes so longevity

fewer resources for the painting academy-no floating perspective bc silk is $$$

one corner composition

loss of identity bc capital is moved-vehicle for self-expression and dissent, no interest in aesthetic pleasure

chan=zen, shortlived in china-independent of painting academy, 1. zazen-selected meditation w/no external stimuli, 2. koan-philosophical gatherings, 3. samu-physical exertion-repeating patterns

tears down sutras to reject literacy and exclusion

he is a master that etachers to the illiterate

dry and fast brushwork-spontaneity-sudden enlightenment

paintings became a meditative tool

failed exams-”leftover subjects” when mongols, no formal academy

dejected horse, fragile, drooping head, dramatic contrasts,

15 ribs (most 9 or 12) so its royal steed that can go very far and $$$

other painting (older)-tied to pole bc tied to academic institutions but well fed bc accepts confucian ideals

new gov can take resources but not status and tradition

man carried by chains with demons

zhong kui-genius but bullied bc ugly and suicide-becomes “demon queller” creates army of demons and gets revenge on earthly bullies

historical longing for chinese past-xizhi is a very chinese calligrapher

color-refers to a very classic chinese landscape-blue and green are never rejected colors

center human experience like never before

1st gen conquered hate mongols but he is born under it so he joins the court so is ostracized from others

wanted him to paint horses to denote military might-in retirement paints mongol man with a well fed horse

calligraphic line-continuous brush never lifts

last gen under mongol, new norm was all painters dissent

bubonic plague weakened economy-no resources given to the south and he lost his house twice

depicts his studio

refers to older chinese landscape paintings but brushwork is drier

no human figures at all-mongols stripped away chinese figures from the landscape