PAH quizz 9?
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76 Terms
What are two reasons we castrate
improves meat quality
simplifies management
give three examples of how castration can improve meat quality
imrpoves marbling (in cattle)
improves tenderness
reduces thre risk of off-flavors
what is Boar taint
unpleasent odor and taste that occurs when an intact male pig is slaughtered
give four reasons why castration simplifies management
castrated males are typically calmer and less agressive
decreases mounting and fighting
males and females can be housed together without worry about reproduction
what does the scrotum do
provides protection and temperature regulation for the testicals
how much cooler are the testicles compaired to the body
4-5 degrees cooler
what do the testicles do
produce sperm and hormones (testosterone)
What is A
The testicle
What is B
The Pampiniform Plexus
What does the pampiniform plexus do
it is a network of blood vessles that allow counter current temperature exchange to keep the testicles the correct temperature
what is C
The cremaster Muscle
what does the cremaster muscle do
allows for testicle descent and ascent for temperature regulation
what is D
the vas deferens
what does the vas deferens do
transports sperm away from testicle
what does the spermatic cord include
the pampiniform plexus, the cremaster muscle, and the vas deferens
what is this and what does this do
this is an emasculator and it crimps the spermatic cord on one side while cutting it on the other you must cut through the scrotum
what does crimping the spermatic cord do
reduces bleeding
what is this and what does it do
this is an emasculatome / burdizzo and it crushes and ruptures the spermatic cords without cutting the scrotum
whats the downside of using a emasculatome/ burdizzo
can leave the vas deferens intact
what is the appeal of using an emasculatome / burdizzo
it is bloodless
what is this and what does it do
this is an elastrator, it cuts off circulation to the testicles
when crimping where should the crimp side be facing
towards the body of the animal
how long should you clamp down for when using an emasculator
at least 15 seconds
when using an emasculatome where should you place it
2 inches above the testicle
when using an emasculatome how long should you clamp and hold down for
at least 30 seconds
__ weeks after procedure testicles should be _____ as they _____
6 weeks after procedure testicles should be shriveled as they degenerate
what cant you use an emasculator on
older animals with larger testicles
what is this and who is it used on
this is a callicrate bander and it is used on larger calves
What three NSAID can be used
Banamine
Prevail
Vetameg
what is the active ingredient in Banamine, prevail, and vetameg
Flunixin Meglumine
what do we use as a disinfectant / antiseptic
chlorahexidine
what do 4 things can we spray on wounds after
iodine
wound kote
blu kote
scarlet oil
what is the term for a castrated bull
steer
what is the term for a castrated boar
barrow
what is the term for a castrated ram
wether
what is the term for a castrated buck / billy
wether
what is collecting blood from sheep and goats often refered to as
bleeding
what is a collection needle and what size do we use
it has a needle on both ends and is a 20Gx1”
what holds the collection needle
a Vacutainer hub / collar / needle holder
what do collection tubes do
holds a vaccume and has a color that indicates the type of tube
what spins blood after collection
a centrifuge
What is A
Plasma or serum about 55% of total blood
what is in the serum / plasma
proteins
hormones
enzymes
minerals
glucose
antibodies
what is B
buffy coat less then 1% of total blood
what is in the buffy coat
leukocytes and platelets
what are leukocytes
white blood cells / immune cells
what are platelets
thrombocytes that help with clotting
what is C
erythrocytes 45% of total blood
what are erythrocytes
red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
define hematocrit
the percent volume of red blood cells in blood
serum
does NOT contain active clotting factors
plasma
contains active clotting factors
red tube
has micronized sillica particles that speed up clotting it is a serum tube
what does a red mottled tube indicate
has micronized sillica particles that speed up clotting AND wax at the bottom is a serum tube
what does a purple tube indicate
has EDTA that binds to Ca to stop clotting is a plasma tube
identify this tube
has EDTA that binds to Ca to stop clotting is a plasma tube
what does a green tube indicate
has heparin as an anticoagulant to stop clotting is a plasma tube
identify this tube
has heparin as an anticoagulant to stop clotting is a plasma tube
identify this tube
has micronized sillica particles that speed up clotting it is a serum tube
identify this tube
has micronized sillica particles that speed up clotting AND wax at the bottom is a serum tube
what remains under the wax in a red mottled tube
red blood cells so the serum can be poured out
what is preformed with serum or plasma
diagnostic testing
give 5 examples of diagnostics that can be preformed with a serum or plasma sample
metabolic profile
liver function
kidney function
antibodies
hormone profile
what vein do we use for blood collection
jugular vein
what does the vein line up with
the corner of the eye or jaw
what happens if you remove the needle first while the tube is in it
the tube loses the vaccume necessary for blood draw
what temperature should serum / plasma kept
should be frozen at -30c but -80c is better
what do we label tubes with
animal iD date initials
when is it okay to draw blood with a syringe and needle
when serum and or plasma is not needed
what do you do if you need to use a needle and syringe but need serum or plasma
transfer the blood into a tube
what is a hematoma
a ball where blood leaks out of the vein
if there is a hematoma and you must get blood what should you do
collect blood above the hematoma
what does using unclean supplies cause
infections at blood collection sites
how do you put a vaccum back into a tube
use a syringe to draw air out of it