Unit 3- Revolution and Early Republic (1754-1800)

What led to revolution

after french indian war, britain was in debt and did not allow colonists to expand west

When were Grenville’s reforms? (stamp, sugar act)

1763-1765

Grenville’s reforms

Currency act, sugar act, stamp act, quartering act

When did the revolutionary war start?

April 1775

When was the declaration of independence

July 1776

Who wrote the declaration

Thomas Jefferson

What was the declaration for

solemnly publish and declare their right to be free; says gov cannot become destructive of mans rights: life, liberty, and pursuit of justice

taxation protests

boton tea party and massacre- not asking for independence act, but britain declares them in rebellion and coercive acts

Boston massacre

1770- fueled anti-british sentiment when british soldiers killed 5 colonists

Tea act- 1773

Leads to boston tea party and then the intolerable acts

What year were the intolerable acts implemented

1774- boston port act, quartering act, etc.

First continental congress

1774- colonies unite to resist britain

lexington and concord

april of 1775- paul revere, starts fighting

second continental congress

1775- continental army is created under Washington

Importance of battle of saratoga

french alliance

When were Yorktown and treaty of paris

1781 and 1783 respectively

Common sense

Thomas Paine- 1776, fueled patriotism

After declaration in 1776, it was determined that who rules?

Articles of confederation- adopted by congress in 1777, ratified by 13 states in 1781

Successes of articles of confederation

northwest ordinance

failures of articles of confederation

too weak, no chief executive, cannot tax, no court system, no common currency, etc.

Northwest ordinance of 1787

outlawed slavery in new territories and established process to become a state

Shay’s rebellion

1786, farmers stormed gov because of taxes and showed how weak articles of confed were

In 1787, 55 delegates came together to do what at the constitutional convention

draft the new constitution- separation of powers+federalism (power shared between state and federal gov)- lots of compromises to get here

The Great Compromise

big vs. small state representation- house goes by pop. of state and senate gets 2 from every state- favors both big and small states

3/5 compromise for slaves

electoral college

Bill of rights

first 10 amendments, made to satisfy the anti-federalists

article 1 vs 2 vs 3 of constituion

1- legislative, 2-executive, 3-judicial

Powers of congress (made up of house and senate)

impeachment, override veto, formally declare war, confirmation of appt.

Popular sovereignty

guarenteed by article IV- supreme power belongs to the people

federalism

power is divided between states and federal- people must obey the laws of both

What did John Adams do

alien and sedition acts (limit speech and immigration), judiciary act of 1801

why was Article 1, section 8- necessary and probable clause added

allows them to make any laws not included that are needed to execute enumerated powers

virtual vs actual representation in legislature

legislative body represents the entire country as a whole vs. elected officials are chosen directly by people of geographic region

loyalists vs patriots

remain faithful to british crown vs indepedence wanters (mostly famers and merchants)

what actions angered the british

formation of committees of correspondence, boston tea party, refusing acts

women’s role in the revolution

economic resistance, managed farms and businesses, republican motherhood

senate has how many members

100, 2 from each state

house has how many members

435, based on population of each state

electoral college

indirectly elect president who needs at least ½ the votes, states get to decide if the popular vote becomes winner takes all or allocate the votes

key federalists

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay- DID NOT want bill of rights

Key anti-federalists

Brutus, patrick henry- wanted bill of rights to prevent tyranny

Massachusetts compormise

some states were hesistant to ratify new constituion, so bill of rights was created by James Madison

After bill or rights was ratified:

whiskey rebellion (tests new gov), peaceful transfer from federalists to dem-rep