Bio2 ch29- Plant Diversity

If the diploid chromosome number of a sexually-reproducing species is 58, which of the following statements is true?

a.) The haploid chromosome number is 116.

b.) The haploid chromosome number is 29.

c.) There are 58 pairs of homologous chromosomes in each cell.

d.) Each gamete contains 58 chromosomes.

b.) The haploid chromosome number is 29.

Plants are members of the eukaryotic supergroup?

a.) Archaeplastida

b.) SAR

c.) Cryptophyta

d.) Amorphea

a.) Archaeplastida

The closest algal relatives of land plants are __________.

charophytes

Which of the following traits likely enabled the first plants to move onto land?

a.) the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes

b.) rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes

c.) alternation of generations

d.) peroxisome enzymes that minimize losses from photorespiration

e.) apical meristems

a.) the development of sporopollenin to prevent the desiccation of zygotes

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?

a.) cellulose in cell walls

b.) sexual reproduction

c.) alternation of multicellular generations

d.) chlorophyll b

c.) alternation of multicellular generations

Which of the following organisms were most likely the direct ancestors of plants?

a.) kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines

b.) photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria)

c.) green algae

d.) liverworts and mosses

c.) green algae

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

a.) haploid spores

b.) diploid gametes

c.) diploid spores

d.) haploid gametes

a.) haploid spores

About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would most likely have had which of the following features?

a.) flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees

b.) tall forests in swamps

c.) nonvascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

d.) completely bare rock, with little pools that contained cyanobacteria and protists

c.) nonvascular, green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

a.) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells

b.) loss of structures that produce spores

c.) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves

d.) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves

c.) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves

What biological molecule contributes to the structural integrity of plant spores?

sporopollenin

A student encounters a pondweed that appears to be a charophyte. Which of the following features would best help the student determine whether the sample comes from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga?

a.) structure of sperm cells

b.) structure of mitochondria

c.) molecular structure of cellulose

d.) molecular structure of enzymes inside the chloroplasts

a.) structure of sperm cells

In which of the following structures of a plant are apical meristems found?

a.) only in shoots

b.) in both roots and shoots

c.) only in roots

d.) in pollen

b.) in both roots and shoots

The evolution of vascular tissue in plants facilitated which of the following changes?

a.) the ability to protect developing embryos

b.) the ability to reproduce using flowers

c.) the ability to form symbiotic relationships with fungi

d.) the ability to grow taller

d.) the ability to grow taller

Select the correct statement about charophytes, a taxon of green algae.

a.) Charophytes are embryophytes.

b.) Charophytes and land plants share three distinctive traits.

c.) Living charophytes are the algal ancestors of land plants.

b.) Charophytes and land plants share three distinctive traits.

Which of these facts provides the best support for the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae?

a.) Plants and green algae are photosynthetic.

b.) Plants and green algae have chloroplasts.

c.) The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b.

c.) The chloroplasts of plants and green algae all have both chlorophyll a and b.

Select the correct statement about plant life cycles.

a.) Meiosis in plant life cycles is a sexual process, producing gametes.

b.) At some point in the life cycle of all plants, the sporophyte is dependent on its gametophyte parent.

c.) Over evolutionary time, the sporophyte has replaced the gametophyte in plant life cycles.

b.) At some point in the life cycle of all plants, the sporophyte is dependent on its gametophyte parent.

Select the correct statement contrasting gametophytes and sporophytes.

a.) Sporophytes are vascular, whereas gametophytes are nonvascular.

b.) Sporophytes are larger than gametophytes.

c.) Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid.

c.) Sporophytes are diploid, whereas gametophytes are haploid.

Most bryophytes, such as mosses, differ from all other plants in that they _____.

a.) lack true leaves and roots

b.) have flagellated sperm

c.) have cones but no seeds

d.) do not produce flowers

e.) produce spores

a.) lack true leaves and roots

Which of these structures produce spores?

a.) sporophyte capsule of a moss

b.) antheridium of a moss or fern

c.) gametophyte of a moss

d.) archegonium of a moss or fern

a.) sporophyte capsule of a moss

Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of archegonia?

a.) they have the same function as sporangia

b.) they may contain sporophyte embryos

c.) they are where male gametes are produced

d.) they make asexual reproductive structures

b.) they may contain sporophyte embryos

Label/Draw each part of a plant including:

a) sporophyte

b) seta

c) sporangium

d) foot

e) gametophyte

f) rhizoid

Arrange the life cycle of mosses in the correct order:

a) Separate spores develop into female and male gametophytes

b) Mature sporophytes produce haploid spores, dispersed by the wind

c) haploid gametes undergo fertilization, forming a diploid zygote

d) haploid eggs form in archegonia, and haploid sperm form in antheridia

e) the diploid zygote develops into a sporophyte

b) Mature sporophytes produce haploid spores, dispersed by the wind

a) Separate spores develop into female and male gametophytes

d) haploid eggs form in archegonia, and haploid sperm form in antheridia

c) haploid gametes undergo fertilization, forming a diploid zygote

e) the diploid zygote develops into a sporophyte

Which statement is true for all sexually reproducing plants and animals?

a.) The process of mitosis produces gametes.

b.) The process of meiosis produces diploid cells.

c.) The process of meiosis produces gametes.

d.) The process of meiosis produces haploid cells.

e.) The process of mitosis always produces diploid cells.

d.) The process of meiosis produces haploid cells.

Which of the following structures are haploid? Select all that apply.

a.) Sporophyte

b.) Gametophyte

c.) Spores

d.) Egg

e.) Zygote

b.) Gametophyte

c.) Spores

d.) Egg

Which statement is true?

a) In mosses, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.

b) The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. Mosses require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but ferns don't.

c) The gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle in both mosses and ferns. In both, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.

d) In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.

e) In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. Ferns require moisture for sperm to reach the egg, but mosses do not.

d) In mosses, the gametophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle; in ferns, the sporophyte is the dominant stage of the life cycle. In both, moisture is required for sperm to reach the egg.

In seedless plants, a fertilized egg will develop into __________.

a sporophyte

In contrast to bryophytes, in vascular plants the dominant stage of the life cycle is the __________.

sporophyte

What evolutionary development allowed plants to grow tall?

lignified vascular tissue

During the Carboniferous period, forests consisting mainly of __________ produced vast quantities of organic matter, which was buried and later became coal.

ferns and other seedless plants

Which of the following events could occur after plants moved from the oceans to land?

a.) Cyanobacteria could also move onto land because their host plants occurred there.

b.) Plants in the oceans were able to evolve forms that lived in much deeper parts of the oceans.

c.) Animals could also move onto land because they had easier access to nitrogen.

d.) Animals could also move onto land because there were opportunities for new food sources.

d.) Animals could also move onto land because there were opportunities for new food sources.

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

lycophytes

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a monilophyte sporophyte. Which of the following characteristics would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

a.) whether or not it has true leaves

b.) whether or not it has seeds

c.) its height

d.) whether it has microphylls or megaphylls

d.) whether it has microphylls or megaphylls

A biology student hiking in a forest discovers an erect, 15-centimeter-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobili at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. Observing a sample with a magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.

What type of plant has this student most likely discovered?

a.) lycophyte sporophyte

b.) bryophyte sporophyte

c.) horsetail gametophyte

d.) fern sporophyte

a.) lycophyte sporophyte

Big Bend National Park in Texas is mostly desert, where rainfall averages about 25 centimeters per year. Yet, it is not uncommon when hiking in this extremely arid zone to encounter mosses and ferns. What feature of both true mosses and ferns makes it most surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts?

a.) lack of true roots

b.) lack of vascular tissues

c.) flagellated sperm

d.) lack of cuticle

c.) flagellated sperm

Select the correct statement about the life cycle of a fern.

a.) Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies.

b.) In ferns, meiosis results in the formation of egg and sperm cells.

c.) Plant sporophytes grow from haploid spores.

a.) Plant gametophytes are haploid multicellular bodies.