Medical Terminology Test 4 Study Guide

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical, physiological, pathological, and diagnostic terminology from Medical Terminology Test 4 Study Guide.

Hormones

Chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands.

Hypothalamus

The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland.

Parathyroid Hormone

A hormone that increases blood levels of calcium.

Insulin and Glucagon

Hormones that regulate blood levels of glucose (sugar).

Diabetes Mellitus

A disease manifested by polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia.

FPG, FBS, and OGTT

Diagnostic laboratory tests used to measure blood glucose (sugar) levels.

CVA, CVD, and TIA

Abbreviations that denote conditions involving cerebrovascular disease or stroke.

Glasgow Scale

A clinical assessment tool used to evaluate a patient's level of consciousness.

Ataxia

Lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movement.

Multi-infarct Dementia

Dementia caused by a series of small strokes.

Neuroglia

Support cells of the nervous system, also known as glial cells.

Olfactory Nerve

The cranial nerve that carries impulses for the sense of smell.

Pseudosmia

A distorted sense of smell or the perception of smelling something that is not there.

Lens

The part of the eye active in accommodation for near and far vision.

Lacrimal

An adjective referring to tears or tear ducts.

ORL

Abbreviation for otorhinolaryngology.

Strabismus

Crossed eyes or the misalignment of the eyes.

Cataract

A condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy.

Diplopia

Double vision.

Axial Skeleton

The skeletal division composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum.

Cervical Vertebrae

The vertebrae located in the neck.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells.

Articulation

A joint or the location where two or more bones meet and work together.

Ball and Socket Joint

A classification of freely movable joint.

Osteopenia

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density.

Spondylolysis

A crack or stress fracture in a vertebra.

Scoliosis, Lordosis, and Kyphosis

Forms of atypical spinal curvatures and spinal deformities.

Prosthesis

An artificial body part.

DJD, OA, and RA

Forms of arthritis, representing degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle tissue that is under voluntary control.

Synergist

A muscle that assists a prime mover.

Atony

Lack of normal muscle tone.

Adductor Muscle

A muscle that moves a body part toward the midline.

Quadriceps

A muscle group in the thigh comprised of four components.

OT and PT

Abbreviations standing for Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy.

Creatine Kinase

An enzyme found in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, the brain, and the kidney.

Tendinous

The adjective pertaining to or describing a tendon.

Integumentary System

The organ system consisting of the skin (epidermis and dermis), hair, nails, and exocrine glands.

Keratin

A protein that thickens and waterproofs the skin.

Subcutaneous Layer

The tissue layer located directly beneath the dermis.

Hidradenitis

Inflammation of a sweat gland.

Trichology

The scientific study of hair and its diseases.

Debridement

The removal of damaged or dead tissue from a wound.

Decubitus Ulcer

Another name for a pressure ulcer or bedsore.

Ecchymosis, Petechiae, and Purpura

Lesions sharing the common manifestation of bleeding or hemorrhage under the skin resulting in discoloration (purpuric lesions).

Pruritus

Severe itching.

Turgor

A clinical measure of the elasticity and hydration status of the skin.

BSA

Abbreviation for body surface area, used to assess total body surface area affected by burns.

Vesicles and Bullae

Fluid-filled blisters on the skin.

Iodine

An essential element contained in thyroid hormones that functions in regulating metabolism, growth, and development.