Anat & Phys - Cardiovascular System

pulmonary

referring to the lungs

cardiac, cardio, cardial

referring to the heart

blood vessel types

arteries, veins, capillaries

arteries

take blood away from the heart

veins

take blood to the heart

pulmonary circuit

delivers deoxygenated blood from the heart to lung back to heart

• in order to pick up oxygen and remove CO2

systemic circuit

delievers oxygenated blood from heart to body back to heart

peri

refers to outside of organ

pericardium

case/covering for the heart; separate organ

3 layers of pericaridum

visceral, pericardial, and parietal

visceral pericardium

membrane that surrounds the walls of the heart

parietal pericardium

membrane that lines thoracic cavity

pericardial cavity

space between two membranes

3 layers of walls of the heart

epicaridium, myocardium, and endocardium

epicardium

connective tissue surrounding the heart; most superficial

• contains capillaries and nerve fibers (reduces friction)

myocardium

main cardiac muscle fibers; middle layer

endocardium

epithelium and connective tissue; deepest layer

• has purkinje fibers

purkinje fibers

specialized cardiac muscle fibers

coronary arteries

blood vessels that take oxygenated blood to myocardium

coronary veins

blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood away from capillaries in myocardium

base

top of the heart

apex

bottom of the heart

interventricular sulcus

grooves on surface of the heart

auricles

ear side flaps on either side of atrium

atria

upper chambers

• recieves blood and transports it to ventricle

  • has veins and small, thin walls of muscle

ventricles

lower chambers

• pumps out blood

  • contains arteries and larger, thicker walls of muscles (right is smaller than left

aorta

largest artery in the body; takes oxygenated blood into heart

• located in the left ventricle

• coronary arteries come out of here

pulmonary trunk/artery

takes deoxygenated blood out of heart

• located in the right ventricle

superior and inferior vena cavas

large veins that take deoxygenated blood into the heart

• located in the right atrium

pulmonary veins

bring oxygenated blood to the heart

• located in left atrium

tricuspid

contains 3 valves; between right atrium and right ventricle

bicuspid/mitral

contains 2 valves; between left atrium and left ventricle

• more likely to fail because of pressure

A V valves

tricuspid and biscupid/mitral

semi-lunar valves

pulmonary and aortic valves

• present in order for blood vessels to not go back up the veins/arteries

papillary muscles

attach to chordane tendinae

chordane tendinae

attached to each artery

interatrial septum

structure that separates right and left atrium

interventrical septum

structrue that separates right and left ventricle

cardiac cycle

both atriums contract and push blood to ventricles through AV valves

atrium systole

emptying blood and pushing blood into ventricles

ventricular and atrial diastole

heart relaxes and can be filled; located in respective chambers and valves are closed

vetricular systole

when ventricles contract and push blood out of heart

“lubb” sound from heart

produced during ventricular systole - when atrioventricular valves are closing

“dubb” sound from heart

produced during ventricular diastole - semilunar valves are closing

cardiac conduction system

areas of the heart that intiate and distribute impulses through the heart (lead to the cardiac cycle)

• run by electricity/nerves

• impulse is sent through heart in order to tell when and how much to beat

sinoatrial node

initiates electrical impulses; pacemaker

• located in superior region of right atrium

atrioventricular node

provides conduction path to get from atrium to ventricles\

• located in inferior region of right atrium

process of cardiac conduction system

1. SA node intimates impulse for heart to beat

2. impulses are sent down atriums to initiate depolarization (causes them to contract)

3. impulse arrives at A-V nodes

4. A-V nodes forward signals and cause ventricle to contract (perkinje fibers stimulate ventricle walls to contract in a twisting motion)

5. contraction squeezes blood out of chambers and force it into aortic and pulmonary arteries

electrocardiogram