ZOOLOGY BIO 104 Exam 3

What is an Animal?

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Phagocytic/Heterotrophic (engulf and swallow food)

What is the largest kingdom?

Animal with 36 Phyla and over a million animal species

Arthropods

1,000,000 million species (lobsters, crabs, spiders, ticks, scorpions)

Mollusks

110,000 species (snails, oysters, squid, clams, octopus)

Chordates

42,500 species, has a vertebral column (deer, humans, fish, birds, humans, snakes, dogs)

Metazoa (Animal Classification Schemes)

Animal that does NOT have tissues (sponges)

Eumatzoa (Animal Classification Schemes)

Has tissue types (every other animal)

3 Types of Body Cavity

Acoelomate

Pseudocoelomate

Eucoelomate

Acoelomate

Animal WITHOUT a body cavity

Pseudocoelomate

Animal with a FALSE (unprotected) body cavity, some internal organs that develop to a small degree, little space

Eucoelomate

Animal with a true body cavity, protective body cavity, larger space with more organs

Invertebrate

Does not have a backbone

Vertebrae

Does have a backbone

Deuterostome

Anus develops first

Protostome

Mouth develops first

Phylum Porifera

Sponges

Sponges

Total Aquatic

Marine - saltwater

Palustrine - Freshwater

Estuarine - mix of salt and fresh water

Major Characteristics of Sponges

Multicellular

No tissue (metazoan)

Asymmetrical body shape

Spongin

Elastic protein that makes up sponge’s body

Spicules

Microscopic sponge skeletons made of CaCo3 or SiO2 that gives sponge’s skeletal support

Sponge Nutrition

Filter feeding, underwater vacuum cleaner

Sponge Feeding Mechanism

Ostia - millions of tiny holes where water enters

Spongocoel - cavity lined with flagella that suctions water

Osculum - big opening where water enters

Choanocytes/Collar Cells - lines the spongocoel

Sponge Mode of Lifestyle

Sessile - permanently attached

Benthic - on the bottom of the water

• They cannot swim away from contamination or pollution

Phylum Cnidaria

Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Coral, Hydra

Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Coral, Hydra (Phylum Cnidaria)

Aquatic, mostly marine

FIRST OCCURENCE - Radial symmetry

Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Coral, Hydra (2) (Phylum Cnidaria)

FIRST OCCURENCE - Tissue types:

Ecotoderm - outer layer

Endoderm - inner layer

Mesoderm - middle layer

Polyp

Mouth and tentacles face UP like a sea anemone

Medusoid

Mouth and tentacles face DOWN like a jellyfish

Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Coral, Hydra (3) (Phylum Cnidaria)

FIRST OCCURRENCE - Gastrovascular cavity - mouth opens into a cavern/cavity where food is absorbed

Anything that can’t be absorbed is dispelled back out through the mouth (has now become the anus)

Nutrition of Jellyfish, Sea Anemone, Coral, Hydra (Phylum Cnidaria)

Rows of stinging cells on the tentacles - cnidoblasts

Nematocysts - the stingers, hollow-like needles that issue the pain

Travel rate of 2 meters/second

Most people die from anaphylactic shock (Physalia - Portuguese Man-O-War)

Physalia

Portuguese Man-O-War

Cyanea

Largest jellyfish

Aurelia

Common Gulf Jellyfish- around east coast of Florida

Chironex flaceri

Australian Box Jellyfish

Most venomous animal in the world, more toxic than any snake

Anthozoans

Sea Anemone “Flower Animal”

Corals - have a hard skeleton, ever growing/increasing in size, only the top layer is alive

CaCo3 exoskeleton

Reef building

Keystone, living place for other living things