Negation

Determining the Tense

na—>present

li—>past

ta—>future

Mimi ni___a (ninatoka) POSITIVE

Mimi si__i (sitoki) NEGATIVE

Wewe una__a (unakaa) POSITIVE

Wewe hu_i (hukai) NEGATIVE

Yeye an__a (anandika) POSITIVE

Yeye ha__a (haandiki) NEGATIVE

Sisi tuna__a (tunakimbia) POSITIVE

Sisi hatu__i (hatukimbii) NEGATIVE

Nyinyi mna__ma (mnasoma) POSITIVE

Nyinyi ham__ni (hamsoni) NEGATIVE

Wao wan__a (wanaimba) POSITIVE

Wao haw__i (hawaimbi) NEGATIVE

General Rule: Negating Present Tense

ni—>si

u—>hu

a—>ha

tu—>hatu

m—>ham

wa—>hawa

Drop the (-na-)

Replace the ending (-a) with (-i)

Exception Rule: Monosyllabic Verbs (Present Tense)

ni—>si

u—>hu

a—>ha

tu—>hatu

m—>ham

wa—>hawa

drop the (-na-) AND drop the (-ku-)

Replace the ending (-a) with (-i)

General Rule: Negating Past Tense

ni—>si

u—>hu

a—>ha

tu—>hatu

m—>ham

wa—>hawa

Replace (-li-) with (-ku-)

Keep the ending vowel

Exception Rule: Negating Monosyllable Verbs (Past Tense)

Past:

ni—>si

u—>hu

a—>ha

tu—>hatu

m—>ham

wa—>hawa

• Keep the (-ku) before the verb

• Keep the vowel ending

Present:

ni—>si

u—>hu

a—>ha

tu—>hatu

m—>ham

wa—>hawa

• Drop the (-na)

• Drop the (-ku) before the verb

• Change the vowel ending to -i

General Rule: Future Tense (Wakati Ujao)

ni—>si

u—>hu

a—>ha

tu—>hatu

m—>ham

wa—>hawa

• keep the ta

• NO change to the vowel ending