OFSE embryology

embryology?

study of the prenatal growth

histology?

study of tissue structure and function at the microscopic level

oral embryology?

the study of the development of the oral cavity

3 prenatal periods?

preimplantation, embryonic, fetal

preimplantation period when and what?

Week 1 egg was fertilized by sperm and forming a zygote (23 + 23 chromosomes)

embryonic period when?

Week 2 to the end of Week 8

why is the embryonic period the most critical?

all major structures start to develope and cells become tissues,organs and systems

fetal period when?

week 9 until birth, the embryo is now a fetus which is less vulnerable and is more like formed

what forms in week 4?

The stomodeum (primitive mouth)

3 primary layers?

Ectoderm (outer),mesoderm (middle), endoderm(inner)

ectoderm makes?

brain/nervous system, hair, nails, oral cavity lining, enamel

mesoderm makes?

heart/circulation , kidneys , bones , muscles , reproductive system, dentin , cemenntum , pulp

endoderm makes?

lining of the digestive system and lungs

ecto/meso/derm mean?

outside/middle/inside/tissue

odontogenesis?

the process of tooth formation

when does tooth development first show?

5-6 weeks in the anterior mandibular region

3 stages of the tooth life cycle?

Growth, calcification, eruption( then exfoliation)

3 stages within growth?

bud , cap , bell

bud stage is also called?

intiation

what forms in the bud stage?

dental lamina, then 10 toth buds per arch (primary teeth)

dental lamina?

a growth from the oral epithelium that gives rise to tooth buds

cap stage is also called?

proliferation (cells grow and multiply, bud becomes ore cap-shaped)

enamel organ forms?

enamel

dental papilla forms?

pulp and dentin ( from mesoderm)

dental sac forms?

cementum and periodontal ligament

bell stage? what happens?

cells specialize and the tooth takes its final shape

bell stage is also called?

histodifferentiation. morphodiffrentiation is the tooth taking its shape and form

ameloblast/ odontoblast/ cementoblast?

from enamel/dentin/cementum

calcification?

hardening of the tooth outline by calcium and mineral salt deposits

eruption?

upward movement of the tooth into its position. deciduoous teeth come first

exfoliation?

natural shedding of the deciduous teeth before permanent teeth erupt

primate spaces?

normal spaces between primary teeth

how many primary/permenant teeth are there?

20/32

oral histology?

structure and funcation of teeth and oral tissues

4 normal tooth tissues?

enamel,dentin,pulp,cemtentum

anatomical crown?

part of the tooth covered with enamel

clinical crown?

visible part above the gum line

apex/apical foramen?

tapered root top/opening at root tip

enamel is made of?

enamel rods (prisms) running from the surface to the DEJ

prism sheath vs interprismatic substance?

sheath is the hardest

ameloblasts?

cells that form enamel

dentin?

bulk of the tooth, living tissue,not usually exposed the tubules give it elasticity

primary dentin?

forms before eruption and makes the main bulk

secondary dentin?

is made after eruption and is slower

tertiary(reparitive) dentin?

forms fast in responce to irritants( attrition, caries,erosion,cavity preps)

primary ( acellular) cementum?

no cells, forms outward from the CEJ

secondary(cellular) cementum?

forms on the apical half after the tooth reached functional occlusion

4 pulp functions?

formative (makes dentin), nutritive,sensory (temp/pressure/trauma=pain), protective (reparative/

pulp chamber?

inner space of the dentin, big during eruption and shrinks with age

coronal pulp?

pulp within the crown

pulp horns?

pulp extention toward cusp tips and incisal edges

radicular pulp?

root pulp, located apically

alevolar process?

tooth-bearing bone extensions of both arches (holds teeth)

cortical plate?

dense outer compact bone covering the spongy (cancellous) bone

alveolar crest?

highest point of the ridge, where facial and lingual surfaces meet

alveolar socket?

cavity in the alveolar process surrounding the tooth root

lamina dura?

the compact bone lining the socket ( also known as the cribiform plate)

4 PDL functions?

supportive/protective, sensory (touch) , nutritive (blood vessels) , formative/resportive (fibroblasts remodel)

3 fiber group types?

periodontal, transeptal, gingival

alveolar crest fibers?

retain tooth in socket, oppose lateral forces

horizontal fibers?

restrain lateral movement

oblique fibers?

resists forces on long axis

apical fibers?

prevent tipping, resist luxation(twisting), protect blood/lymph/nerves

interradicular fibers?

multirooted teeth only, resist tipping and twisting

transseptal fibers?

between teeth and is above the alveolar crest and supports the interproximal gingiva, secure adjecent teeth

dentogingival fibers?

cervical cememtum outward and upward into the lamina propria

alveologingival fibers?

alveolar crest upward into the lamina propria

circular fibers?

band around the neck of the tooth

dentoperiosteal fibers?

cementum over the alveolar crest, facially and lingually, supports tooth and gingiva

oral mucosa?

stratified squamous epithelium over the connective tissue, lines the oral cavity

lining mucosa?

cheeks, vestibule, lips

masticatory mucosa?

attached gingiva, hard palate

specialized mucosa?

top surface of the tongue

regions of the face?

forhead,temples,orbital,external nose,zygomatic(malar) , mouth/lips, cheeks, chin, external ear

outer/inner canthus?

outer / inner corner of the eyelid

ala?

outer side of the nostril

philtrum?

under the nose, midline of the upper lip

tragus?

projection infront of the ear opening

glabella?

above the root of the nose

root of nose?

bridge of the nose

septum?

tissue dividing the nasal cavity

anterior naris?

nostril

mental protuberance?

chin

angle of mandible?

lower posterior of the ramus

zygomatic arch?

cheek

vermillion border?

outline of the lips

labial commissure?

corner of the mouth where lips join

nasolabial sulcus?

groove from each labial commissure up to the nasal ala

vestibule?

space between teeth and the inner lips/cheeks

oral cavity proper?

space between the upper and lower arches

buccal vestibule?

area between cheeks and teeth/alveolar ridge

parotid papilla?

elevation opposite the 2nd molar

fordyces spot?

small yellowish elevations on the buccal mucosa

linea alba?

white ridge where the upper and lower teeth meet

mucobuccal fold?

where the buccal mucosa meets alveolar mucosa

frenum?

narrow band of tissue connecting two structures

maxillary labial frenum?

midline, inner upper lip

mandibular labial frenum?

midline inner lower lip

buccal frenum?

inner cheek, near the 1st maxillary permanent molar

lingual frenum?

floor of the mouth, midline of the underside of the tongue