Exam 3 in class review

mouth

lingual lipase cleaves at s3 TAG - hydrolyzes milk fat

stomach

gastric lipase - at s3, emulsification

presence of lipids in the stomach

delays gastric emptying → high satiety value

small intestine

emulsifaction - bile salts , pancreatic lipase

pancreatic lipase

Cleaves at sn1 and sn3 ; inhibited by bile salts, activated by colipase

orlistat

• xenical - prescription and alli=otc

• interferes with digestion and absorption of dietary fat (30%)

• semisynthetic derivative of lipstatin

• inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase

orlistat inhibits _____ digestion

triglyceride

the form in which most endogenous triglycerides are packages and transported is as

VLDL

exogenous lipids

• within enterocyte

• chylomicrons - contain mostly triacylglycerols

• APO 48 and apoA-1

• acquire more apoproteins(mainly apoE and apoC2)

a major function of chylomicrons is to participate in

triglyceride transport

what does the drug ezetimibe do

inhibits cholesterol absorption

atp binding cassette proteins

ABCG5 and ABCG8 - redirect phytosterols back into the intestinal lumen immediately after being taken into the call

which of the following is a risk factor for heart disease

ApoE4

major sites of fatty acid synthesis are

liver, lungs, adipose tissue, lactating mammary glands,brain, and kidneys

initial reaction of fatty acid synthesis

acetyl coA carboxylase

the enzyme lipoprotein lipase is activated by

apo-c -2

name the lipoprotein that has the highest percentage concentration of cholesterol

LDL

which of the following statements about lipid absorption from the intestine is correct

dietary triacylglycerol is partially hydrolyzed and absorbed as free fatty acids and monoacylglycerol

acyl carrier protein and condensing enzyme are required for

fatty acid synthesis

production of Ketone bodies would be the highest

during prolonged starvation

which of the following is the required coenzyme for aldehyde dehydrogenase

NAD+

alcohol metabolism starts in the

stomach

compared to en, women have less tolerance for alcohol because their GI system has 20-30% less

alcohol dehydrogenase

white adipocytes

• single large lipid droplet

• major site for excess energy storage

• few mitochondria

• expression of adiponection and leptin

brown adipocytes

• multiple small lipid droplets

• key site for thermogensis

• high amount of mitochondria

• expression of uncoupling protein - UCP1

apo-A-4

secreted with chylomicrons but transfers to HDL

apoB-100

LDL, VLDL, IDL

apoB-48

chylomicrons, chylomicron remenants

Tay-Sachs

ganglioside

Gaucher

glucocerebroside

Nieman-Pick

sphingomyolin

UCP-1

• Disrupt the tight coupling between electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation by dissipating the proton gradient

• Allows the cycling of protons

Ketogenic diet can aid in

autism, diabetes, obesity, PCOS, cancer, Parkinsons, althzeimers,acne, epilepsy

Chylomicrons contain mostly

triacylglycerols