Unit 2 - Cell Organelles and Functions

Quiz #1

All cells have these 5 things

Cell Membrane, Cytoskeleton, DNA, Ribosome, Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

What: Layer of molecules that creates the outside of the cell

Function: Controls what enters and exits the cell

Found In: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic; Animal and plant

Cytoskeleton

What: protein fibers that act like the bones of the cell

Function: Supports and shapes the cell, provides strength, helps the cell to move, helps in cell division, holds organelles in place

Found In: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic; Animal and plant cells

DNA

What: the genetic material of the cell

Function: controls what the cell does

Found In: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Ribosome

What: tiny organelle that does not have a membrane

Function: make proteins

Found In: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Cytoplasm

What: A jelly-like liquid that fills the inside of the cell

Function: holds the organelles and space where many chemical reactions occur

Found In: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Cell

The smallest unit of life

Robert Hooke

First person to see cells and gave them their name

Organelle

A part of a cell that performs a job or function for the cell

Cell theory

• All living things are made of cells

• The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things

• All cells come from pre-existing cells

Prokaryotic Cells

• No nucleus (does have DNA)

• No membrane-bound organelles (not formed by a membrane)

• Only unicellular (single-celled) organisms

• Example = bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

• Has a nucleus

• Has membrane-bound organelles (covered in a skin-like layer)

• Can be multi-cellular or unicellular organisms

• Example = plant, animal, fungi cells

3 structural differences between animal and plant cells

No chloroplasts in animal cells, no vesicle in plant cells, no cell wall in animal cells

Nucleus

Function: Protects the DNA

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane that makes the nucleus

Nuclear pores

What: Holes in the nuclear envelope

Function: lets things move in and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus

What: dense area inside the nucleus

Function: makes ribosomes

Rough ER

What: membrane folds that have ribosomes attached to them

Function: makes proteins

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Smooth ER

What: membrane folds that do not have ribosomes attached to them

Function: makes lipids (fats and oils) and hormones, breaks down toxins (drugs and alcohol)

Found In: Eukaryotic, Animal and plant cells

Golgi Apparatus

What: closely layered stacks of membrane envelopes

Function: receive, modify, sort, and deliver proteins

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Vesicle

What: membrane-bound sac (container)

Function: moves materials around the cell

Found In: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Mitochondria

What: bean shaped organelle with two membranes

Function: breaks down food to release useable energy (ATP)

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Centrosome

area of the cytoplasm where parts of the cytoskeleton are made

Centrioles

What: cylinder-shaped organelles that are 90 degrees to each other

Function: unknown

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal cells

Vacuole

What: liquid-filled membrane sac (larger than vesicles)

Function: stores food, water, and waste

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal and plant cells

Central vacuole

What: The large vacuole in plant cells that stores water, pigments, waste, and other materials

Found In: Eukaryotic; Plant cells

Lysosome

What: membrane sac that has enzymes inside it

Function: breaks down and recycles cell waste and invaders

Found In: Eukaryotic; Animal cells

Flagella

What: tail like structure in some plant cells and prokaryotes

Function: movement

Found In: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic; Animal cells

Cell Wall

What: the thick outermost layer in plant cells

Function: gives extra protection, support, and shape to the cell

Found In: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic; Plant cells

Chloroplast

What: has two outer membranes and contains chlorophyll (green color)

Function: uses light to build sugars (food)

Found In: Eukaryotic; Plant cells