Disaster medicine colloquium 1

In the area of damage, the first to be sorted are: A) The dangerous B) T1 C) The ones standing closest D) T3

D) T3

After opening the airways, the next step of first aid is to check for: A) Pulse B) Breathing C) Foreign bodies in the airways D) Bleeding

B) Breathing

What is the first action of the leader of the medical team during disaster medical support if his team is the first on the spot? A) To introduce himself and the capabilities of his team to the incident commander B) To undertake medical intelligence C) To report to the Medical support manager D) To introduce himself and the capabilities of his team to the Medical support manager

A) To introduce himself and the capabilities of his team to the incident commander

What is the risk level when all risk factors are present and the implementation of preventive measures could decrease the risk level? A) Threat B) Low C) High D) Extremely high

C) High

How many are the main elements of the National Management System: A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7

A) 4

How many groups are the medical losses depending on the damaging factor? A) 8 B) 7 C) 6 D) 5

A) 8

Which is the first step of the medical intelligence? A) Collecting medical data B) Collecting medical information C) Receiving directives and guidance D) Confirming the authenticity of the signal

C) Receiving directives and guidance

The excision of devitalized tissues is: A) First physician aid B) First pre-physician aid C) Specialized physician aid D) Qualified physician aid

A) First physician aid

Based on how many criteria, the primary medical triage is performed? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

A) 3

Casualty with closed lower leg fracture and preserved vital signs is triaged primarily as: A) T1 B) T2 C) T3 D) T4

B) T2

In first aid, by touching or gently shaking the shoulders of the casualty, we check for: A) Trauma B) Cardiac activity C) Vital signs D) Consciousness

D) Consciousness

Search and rescue teams perform: A) Organized evacuation B) Directed evacuation C) Medical evacuation D) Spontaneous evacuation

A) Organized evacuation

The forward medical station is established in the area of damage in: A) Nuclear accident B) Flood C) Terrorist attack D) War

D) War

Casualty who is unconscious and is restoring the breathing after opening the air ways is primary triaged as: A) T1 B) T2 C) T3 D) T4

A) T1

Where the primary medical triage is performed: A) In the area of damage B) In front of the forward medical station C) In front of the hospital D) All of the above

B) In front of the forward medical station

The evacuation from the forward medical station to the hospital is: A) Organized evacuation B) Directed evacuation C) Spontaneous evacuation D) Necessary evacuation

B) Directed evacuation

The casualties are: A) 2 groups B) 3 groups C) 5 groups D) 4 groups

A) 2 groups

When providing first aid to an unconscious casualty, the next step is: A) Opening the airway B) Check for pulse C) Check for breathing D) Call for help

D) Call for help

The objective of the first physician aid is: A) To save the life of the casualty B) To minimize the negative impact of the damaging factors on human life and health C) To support the vital functions and to prevent from severe complications D) To stop the contact with the damaging factor

B) To minimize the negative impact of the damaging factors on human life and health

Injuries of moderate severity can cause: A) Rapid deterioration B) Life threatening complications C) Complications leading to disability D) They don’t cause complications

C) Complications leading to disability

Mercalli scale evaluates: A) Destructions in the hypocenter B) The energy released in the hypocenter C) Destructions in the area of damage D) The energy released at the epicenter

A) Destructions in the hypocenter OR C) Destructions in the area of damage

The element of the disaster that causes negative impact is: A) Preventive measure B) Risk factor C) Damaging factor D) Crisis factor

C) Damaging factor

The Disaster relief to population objective is: A) To maintain the basic life functions B) To organize and execute complex search, rescue and recovery operations in order to minimize the impact of the disasters and their damaging factors C) To prevent human health and life damage and lessen the number of injured, victims and disabled in case of disaster D) To save the life and health of those, affected by the damaging factors

C) To prevent human health and life damage and lessen the number of injured, victims and disabled in case of disaster

Which is the first step of the disaster medical support? A) Medical evacuation B) Triage C) First medical aid D) Medical intelligence

D) Medical intelligence

Assisted bag-mask ventilation is a part of: A) First pre-physician aid B) First aid C) Spesialized physician aid D) Qualified physician aid

A) First pre-physician aid

How many groups of medical losses do you distinguish based on the severity of the injury: A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

D) 4

In first aid, when do you perform the check for breathing? A) In unconscious casualty after calling for help B) When there is no cardiac function C) In conscious casualty with hemorrhage D) When the casualty is found

A) In unconscious casualty after calling for help

Which is the first criterion of primary medical triage? A) Emergency B) Safety C) Evacuation D) Severity

B) Safety

In front of the forward medical station, the first to be sorted are: A) The dangerous B) T1 C) The ones standing closest D) T3

A) The dangerous

What are the first activities of the medical officer in charge if his/her team arrives as the first medical team for disaster medical support of the casualties? A) To perform triage B) To report to the disaster medical support manager, the information concerning current situation C) To introduce him/herself and the capabilities of the team to the medical commander on site D) To introduce him/herself and the capabilities of the team to the incident commander

D) To introduce him/herself and the capabilities of the team to the incident commander

Casualty who is unconscious and does not breath after opening the air ways is primary triaged as: A) T1 B) T2 C) T3 D) T4

D) T4

Medical evacuation is based on? A) 6 criteria B) 7 criteria C) 8 criteria D) 9 criteria

A) 6 criteria

How many types of disaster medical support planning do you know? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

B) 2

During the treatment of the acute radiation syndrome, the correction of hematological parameters requires transfusion of: A) Fresh blood group “O” B) Glucose C) Blood components D) Crossmatched blood

C) Blood components

The magnitude of air ionization in electronic equilibrium determines: A) Absorbed dose B) Effective dose C) Equivalent dose D) Exposure dose

D) Exposure dose

Hazard for the realization of which the predisposing risk factors exist, and despite the implementation of preventive measures can't be forestalled, but only it's impact can be ameliorated, is: A) High threat B) High risk C) Threat D) Moderate risk

C) Threat

The first step of sanitary control is: A) Indication B) Observation C) Sanitary expertise D) Neither

B) Observation

In the area of damage it is mandatory to perform: A) First aid B) Qualified physician aid C) Pre-physician aid D) Specialized physician aid

A) First aid

The medical triage in the temporary medical station based on: A) 4 criteria B) 5 criteria C) 6 criteria D) 7 criteria

B) 5 criteria

Casualty, whose respiratory rate is over 30 per minute is triaged as: A) T1 B) T2 C) T3 D) T4

A) T1

The main damaging factors during the relocation of huge groups of people are: A) Thermal and biological B) Psychological and biological C) Psychological and overpressure D) All of them

B) Psychological and biological

The chlorine toxicity is due to binding with: A) Haemoglobin B) Cholinesterase C) Cytochromoxidase D) Water in the mucous membranes

D) Water in the mucous membranes

First medical aid in CO poisoning is: A) Methaemoglobin generators B) Cholinolytics C) Rinse with sodium hydrogencarbonate D) O2 and nootropic medications

D) O2 and nootropic medications

The activation of the contingency plan is a part of: A) Support and recovery B) Supplying the resources, accepting and allocating the help C) Protection and coordination D) None of the above

C) Protection and coordination

In first aid after checking for consciousness in conscious casualty the next step is to check for: A) Breathing B) Haemorrhage C) Pulse D) Danger

B) Haemorrhage

Casualty with closed left antebrachial fracture and adequate answers is sorted primary medically as: A) Dangerous B) T1 C) T2 D) T3

D) T3

How many types of evacuation do you know? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

A) 3

The cause of death in organophosphates poisoning is: A) Reflex laryngospasm or pulmonary edema B) Lack of O2 C) Block of transmission of nerve impulses D) Toxo-allergic and pulmonary edema

C) Block of transmission of nerve impulses

Monitoring of heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure during medical support is a part of: A) Specialized physician aid B) First physician aid C) First pre-phycisian aid D) Qualified medical aid

C) First pre-phycisian aid

Cyanides toxicity is due to binding with: A) Haemoglobin B) Acetylcholinesterase C) Water in mucous membranes D) Cytochrome oxidase

D) Cytochrome oxidase

Depending on the psychological status, medical losses are: A) 6 groups B) 5 groups C) 4 groups D) 3 groups

Best guess: D) 3 groups. No sheet marks an answer, and the research check couldn't find the course text. The best reasoned guess is 3 groups, for example: no psychological disorders, transient stress reactions, and persistent psychiatric disorders. Confirm it in the Kostadinov textbook or your lecture notes.

The first damaging factor in nuclear blast is: A) Primary ionizing radiation B) Blast wave C) Secondary ionazing radiation D) Thermal

D) Thermal

The primary damaging factor in case of flood is: A) Blast wave B) Biological C) Chemical D) Overpressure

D) Overpressure

Which type of radiation causes indirect ionization: A) Alfa particles B) Beta particles C) Gamma rays D) Microwaves

C) Gamma rays

Representative of which ministry manages and coordinates disaster relief operations at the site of the disaster? A) Ministry of internal affairs B) Ministry of healthcare C) Ministry of transportation D) Ministry of defence

A) Ministry of internal affairs

Primary medical triage is performed: A) In front of foreward medical station B) Inside the foreward medical station C) Inside the area of damage D) At the hospital

A) In front of foreward medical station

Organized evacuation is performed by: A) Rescue teams B) Everyone C) Armed forces D) Medical teams

A) Rescue teams

How many types of sanitary control do you know? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7

C) 6

Which planning starts after the onset of the disaster? A) Contingency B) Tactical C) Crisis D) Operational

C) Crisis

In first aid the check for consciousness is performed after the check for: A) Breathing B) Haemorrhage C) Pulse D) Danger

D) Danger

Casualty with closed left antebrachial fracture and adequate answers who is demanding medical help by force and is pushing the others, in primary medical triage, is sorted as: A) Dangerous B) T1 C) T2 D) T3

A) Dangerous

How many types of triage do you know? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

A) 3

The cause of death in carbon monoxide poisoning is: A) Reflex laryngospasm or pulmonary edema B) Lack of O2 C) Block of transmission of nerve impulses D) Toxo-allergic and pulmonary edema

B) Lack of O2

Uretheral catheterisation during medical support is a part of: A) Specialized physician aid B) First physician aid C) First pre-phycisian aid D) Qualified medical aid

B) First physician aid

Ammonia toxicity is due to binding with: A) Haemoglobin B) Acetylcholinesterase C) Water in mucous membranes D) Cytochrome oxidase

C) Water in mucous membranes

The primary damaging factor in case of earthquake is: A) Blast wave B) Biological C) Chemical D) Overpressure

D) Overpressure

Which type of radiation causes direct ionization: A) Beta particles B) Neutrons C) Gamma rays D) Microwaves

A) Beta particles

Primary triage is performed: A) In the foreward medical station B) Inside the area of damage C) Outside the area of damage D) At the hospital

B) Inside the area of damage

Spontaneous evacuation is performed by: A) Rescue teams B) Everyone C) Emergency medical teams D) Medical teams

B) Everyone

What type of disasters are the landslides classified as? A) Topological B) Anthropogenic C) Other D) Tectonic

A) Topological

Who declares a state of emergency? A) Representative of the Ministry of defense B) Representative of the Executive power C) Representative of the Ministry of internal affairs D) Representative of Civil protection

B) Representative of the Executive power

Which is the second step of the medical intelligence? A) Confirming the authenticity of the signal B) Receiving instructions and directives C) Collecting medical data D) Processing and analysis of the medical information

C) Collecting medical data

Where the first pre-physician aid is provided? A) In the area of damage, if it is safe B) In the ambulances during medical evacuation C) In the forward medical station outside the area of damage D) All of the above

D) All of the above

For casualty who is assessed to be unconscious and not breathing the first aid proceeds with: A) Opening the airway B) Check for pulse C) Check for breathing D) Call for help

D) Call for help

Casualty, who is suffering from open antebrachial fracture and preserved vital functions, in primary triage is classified as: A) T1 B) T2 C) T3 D) T4

B) T2

The zones in the area of biological damage are: A) Zone of spill; of lethal concentration; of damaging concentration B) Zone of dangerous virulence; zone of moderate virulence; zone of high virulence; C) Zone of primary contamination and zone of secondary contamination D) There are no defined zones

D) There are no defined zones

Active immunization is performed after: A) Isolation and treatment of the ill B) Isolation and observation of the exposed C) Indication of the causative agent D) The start of the epidemic

C) Indication of the causative agent

The biological effect of ionizing radiation on a specific tissue is measured by: A) Effective dose B) Equivalent dose C) Absorbed dose D) Exposure dose

B) Equivalent dose

Copious secretions are typical for intoxication with: A) Organophosphates B) Cyanides C) Atropine D) Carbon monoxide

A) Organophosphates

How many ways to eradicate contaminated food do you know? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

Best guess: C) 3. No sheet marks an answer, and the research check couldn't find the course text. The best reasoned guess is 3 ways: decontamination or processing, storing the food until the contaminant decays or is neutralised, and destruction. Confirm it in the textbook section on sanitary control of food.

The zones in the area of damage from flood are: A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

B) 4

How many types of areas of damage do you know? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

Best guess: B) 4. No sheet marks an answer, and the research check couldn't find the course text. The best reasoned guess is 4 types, one per hazard group: nuclear/radiation, chemical, biological and mechanical (natural disasters such as earthquakes), with combined areas sometimes added. Confirm it in the textbook chapter on the area of damage.

The first step of Treatment and Evacuation as part of Disaster Medical Support is: A) Medical intelligence B) Triage C) Medical triage D) First aid

B) Triage

The second step of first aid is: A) Check for breathing B) Check for danger C) Stop the bleeding D) Check for consciousness

D) Check for consciousness

“Safety of the medical teams is first priority” is a principle of: A) Disaster medicine B) Disaster relief to population C) Triage D) Disaster medical support

A) Disaster medicine

Exposure to chlorine causes: A) Huge amount of carboxyhaemoglobin B) Methaemoglobin C) Reflex spasm and pulmonary edema D) Acetylcholine block

C) Reflex spasm and pulmonary edema

The cause of the death in high dose ammonia poisoning is: A) Interruption of nerve impulse transmission B) Acute pulmonary edema C) Toxico-allergic edema of the vocal cords D) Block of tissue respiration

C) Toxico-allergic edema of the vocal cords

Casualty with a decreased peripheral perfusion is primary triaged as: A) T4 B) T3 C) T2 D) T1

D) T1

When is the sanitary control performed? A) Constantly B) At the end of the disaster C) In the beginning of a disaster D) After the causative agent is identified

A) Constantly

How many types of biological weapons do you know? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6

A) 3

The cause of death in high dose cyanide poisoning is: A) Disruption of nerve impulse transmission B) Bronchospasm C) Toxic-allergic vocal hords oedema D) Block of the tissue respiration

D) Block of the tissue respiration

The second step of sanitary control is: A) Indication B) Sanitary expertise C) Observation D) Sampling

D) Sampling

Evacuation, carried out from the area of damage to the forward medical station is: A) Spontaneous B) Directed C) Organized D) Medical evacuation

C) Organized

Becquerel is a system unit for: A) Absorbed dose B) Activity C) Effective dose D) Exposure dose

B) Activity

The pathogenesis of organophosphate poisoning involves: A) Block of the acetylcholine esterase B) Coagulation of proteins C) Increase of carboxihaemoglobin in the blood D) Block of tissue respiration

A) Block of the acetylcholine esterase

Centralization and autonomy are principles of the: A) Disaster medical support planning B) Disaster medical support management C) Disaster Medicine D) Disaster medical support

B) Disaster medical support management

The cause of death in high dose chlorine poisoning is: A) Disruption of nerve impulse transmission B) Laryngospasm and generalized bronchospasm C) Toxic-allergic vocal cords oedema D) Block of the tissue respiration

B) Laryngospasm and generalized bronchospasm

Types of disaster medical planning are: A) Tactical and Operational B) Operational and Crisis C) Operational and Contingency D) Long term and Crisis

D) Long term and Crisis

Which ionizing radiation particles have the longest run? A) Neutrons B) Beta C) Alfa D) Gamma

D) Gamma

The hospital treatment of casualties with symptoms of acute radiation syndrome starts with: A) Transfusion of blood components B) Isolation C) Administration of cytokines D) Bone marrow transplantation

C) Administration of cytokines