Sports Psych- Concentration and Leadership

What is concentration?

Directing mental effort and attention to a single task.

What is an associative strategy?

Monitoring body functions and feelings.

What is a dissociative strategy?

Numbing the mind and body to stay autonomic.

What is attentional capacity?

A natural limitation.

What are wellness factors that affect concentration?

Sleep, nutrition, hydration, stress, anxiety, hunger, and confidence.

What are team factors that affect concentration?

Chance of success, belief in coach, and connection with teammates.

What are the 4 parts of sport concentration?

Relevant environmental cues; maintaining focus over time; awareness of situations and errors; shifting focus when necessary.

What is Part 1 of sport concentration?

Focus on relevant cues in the environment.

For Part 1 of sport concentration, what is better: external or internal focus?

External focus; avoid focusing on yourself or minute areas of fundamentals.

What is Part 2 of sport concentration?

Maintaining focus over time.

What may help some athletes maintain concentration over time?

Extraneous thoughts or conversation.

What is Part 3 of sport concentration?

Awareness of the situation and errors.

What should athletes recall in Part 3 of sport concentration?

Both good and bad results; be a student of the game.

What is Part 4 of sport concentration?

Shifting focus when necessary.

What kind of memory should athletes have in the moment?

Short memory; shift attention to current moments.

What is attentional selectivity?

Letting some information in while blocking the rest.

What is attentional capacity in the information processing approach?

Concentration is not possible 100% of the time.

What is automatic processing?

Experience and familiarity take over.

What is attentional alertness?

Focusing visual acuity can heighten concentration.

What is broad attention?

Perceiving several occurrences at once, such as a quarterback or goalie.

What is narrow attention?

Responding to one or two cues, such as a pitcher.

What is external attention?

Outward focus, away from yourself.

What is internal attention?

Inward focus to process disciplines such as routines and breathing.

How can stimulation in practice improve concentration?

Match game conditions in training.

What are cue words?

Simple trigger words that promote a desired response.

What is nonjudgmental thinking?

Mindfulness.

What are established routines?

A sequence of task-relevant thoughts and actions.

What are competitive plans?

Plans that focus on process goals.

How does overlearning skills improve concentration?

Attention is free to focus on unexpected events.

How do you practice shifting attention?

Dismiss your thoughts and become aware of body positions.

How do you practice parking thoughts?

Identify negative thoughts and park them away; keep positive thoughts present and park new positives in your mind.

How do you practice learning to focus?

Choose an object, identify everything you feel, put the object down, and visualize its mental and physical aspects.

What is the goal of the searching-for-cues grid exercise?

Find patterns and environmental changes.

What is leadership?

Influencing individuals to achieve a common goal.

What do managers do?

Plan, organize, and schedule.

What do leaders do?

Provide vision, inspiration, and belief.

What are prescribed leaders?

Leaders appointed by authority or power.

What are emergent leaders?

Leaders given leadership through character, energy, and attitude.

What does coach leadership predict?

Individual outcomes.

What does peer leadership predict?

Team cohesion and motivation.

What is the trait approach to leadership?

Focuses on stable characteristics of the leaders.

What is the behavioral approach to leadership?

Focuses on what leaders do to lead.

What is consideration in the behavioral approach?

Friendship, trust, respect, warmth, and love.

What is structure in the behavioral approach?

Rules, regulations, process methods, and communication.

What is the situational approach to leadership?

Leadership needs differ at different times.

What is the interactional approach to leadership?

Combines elements of all other approaches.

What are 4 ways to develop leadership?

Respect the team, maintain a hard work ethic, build friendly rapport, and share tactical knowledge.

What is an assertive response to leadership?

Positivity and belief.

What is a reactive response to leadership?

No conscious alignment.

What is a spontaneous response to leadership?

Following assertive or reactive responses.

What is required leader behavior in the multidimensional model?

What the leader is supposed to do.

What is actual leader behavior in the multidimensional model?

What the leader does.

What is preferred leader behavior in the multidimensional model?

What the team or organization wants.

What are the antecedents in the multidimensional model of sport leadership?

Situational, leader, and member characteristics.

What results from the multidimensional model of sport leadership?

Performance and satisfaction.

What is the flow of the multidimensional model of sport leadership?

Antecedents (situational, leader, and member characteristics) lead to required, actual, and preferred behavior, which lead to performance and satisfaction.

What should leaders establish regarding expectations?

Clear expectations.

What technical knowledge should leaders provide?

Technical instruction and an understanding of what is required.

What should leaders reinforce more: effort or results?

Effort more than results.

How should leaders respond to mistakes or failure?

Encourage and correct.

Should leaders punish athletes after mistakes?

No; they should encourage and correct rather than punish.

How should leaders give corrective feedback?

Graciously and positively.

What does transformational leadership aim to do with a vision?

Actualize the vision.

How should a transformational leader treat the vision?

Ensure the vision is understood and integrated.

How do transformational leaders communicate?

Through inspiring communication and commitment.

How do transformational leaders treat individuals?

Provide individualized attention to people.

What is training behavior on the Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS)?

Instructional behavior that is clear, demonstrated, and required.

What is democratic behavior on the LSS?

Team-style decision-making.

What is autocratic behavior on the LSS?

The coach independently rules.

What is social support on the LSS?

True relational connection.

What is positive feedback on the LSS?

Consistent praise and rewards.

What is integrity as a leadership quality?

Values resistant to outside pressure; staying consistent.

What is flexibility as a leadership quality?

Adjusting to people, situations, and variables.

What is loyalty as a leadership quality?

Collective loyalty, but not blind loyalty.

What is confidence as a leadership quality?

Responsibility and decision-making are supported and encouraged.

What is accountability as a leadership quality?

Everyone is held accountable equally, from the top leader to the youngest player.

What is candor as a leadership quality?

Honesty, graciousness, development, and speaking the truth with love.

What does being prepared mean as a leadership quality?

Planning ahead with contingencies.

What does being resourceful mean as a leadership quality?

Resilience and finding contributing people and processes.

What is discipline as a leadership quality?

Strict adherence to the calculated plan and goals.

What is patience as a leadership quality?

Considering what, when, who, why, and how in daily decisions and movements.